Table 3.

Main Themes by Smoking-Related IMB Domains

Smoking-Related IMB Domains	Main Themes
Sources of Information	Smoking mentioned at HIV Specialist visits, but HIV specific information not provided All but one said smoking discussion at HIV Specialist visits not presented in helpful fashion Smoking not mentioned at AIDS Service Organization visits Smoking linked to specialty or presenting complaint at non-HIV health care provider visits; this was perceived as motivating
HIV-Specific Smoking Knowledge	Most deny having HIV specific smoking related questions None understood the possible adverse interactions between smoking and HIV medications Many believed the effects of smoking when HIV+ had “something to do with the immune system” but were unclear on details
Risk Probability Knowledge	Nearly half thought there was no difference in risks of smoking when HIV+ compared to HIV−.
Heuristics about Smoking Risks and Importance of Quitting	Many stated the stress of the initial diagnosis of HIV did not affect their smoking, though a few stated there was an increase Noticing shortness of breath, coughing, or an acute illness made some want to consider quitting The emotional regulating effects of smoking made many want to continue to smoke
Personal Motivation	Mood regulation was the most frequent motivator to smoke The cost of cigarettes was the most frequent reason given to want to quit
Social Motivation	Half reported that most important others in their lives also smoked Disruptive effects of a quit on social networks were a concern While a quit would be supported by others, it was difficult to say what “support” would entail It was perceived as normative for HIV + to smoke
Smoking Cessation Strategies	Barriers were cited to attending support groups Coping with mood problems was the most significant barrier, along with changes in social networks Many had used cessation aids in the past, and had experienced adverse effects or were dissatisfied with the results
Self-Efficacy for Cessation	Very few were confident that they’d be able to successfully quit when ready to do so
Intervention Acceptability	Very few had tried cessation counseling services previously Most thought a phone intervention would be either definitely or maybe acceptable