Table 2. Clinical and biochemical data of 58 obese children stratified by metabolic syndrome status.

Characteristic	Nonmetabolic syndrome (n=40)	Metabolic syndrome (n=18)	P value
Male sex	26 (65)	12 (66.6)	0.902
Age (yr)	11.2 (8.5–13.7)	13.8 (11.8–14.9)	0.009
Weight (kg)	64.8 (47.6–82.6)	80.6 (75.4–108)	0.001
Height (cm)	149.0 (131.5–158.1)	160.5 (153.5–163)	0.000
BMI z score	3.1 (3.3–5.9)	3.3 (4–8.2)	0.850
Waist circumference (cm)	95 (86.6–99)	106 (98–109)	0.001
Prepubertal stage	18 (45)	2 (11.1)	0.016
Glucose homeostasis
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)	87.5 (82–90.2)	81.0 (78.0–91)	0.070
Impaired fasting glucose	0 (0)	1 (5.5)	0.133
Diabetes	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
2-Hour Glucose During OGTT (mg/dL)	111.5 (102.8–126.2)	114 (105–121)	0.853
Impaired glucose tolerance	8 (20)	1 (5.5)	0.160
Diabetes	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Insulin
Fasting insulin (µU/mL)	17.8 (11.2–24.4)	25.9 (19.5–35.6)	0.005
Fasting insulin >15 µu/mL	20 (50.0)	16 (88.8)	0.005
2-Hour insulin during OGTT (µu/mL)	109.8 (57.4–154.9)	171.1 (90.3–293.8)	0.026
>75 µU/mL	28 (70)	16 (88.8)	0.120
Index for insulin resistance
HOMA-IR	3.4 (2.4–5)	4.9 (3.9–7.2)	0.020
>3.16	20 (50)	15 (83.3)	0.016
Lipid profiles
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	178 (150.3–200.5)	172.0 (157–223)	0.528
Hypercholesterolemia	11 (27.5)	6 (33.3)	0.652
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	119 (89.3–132.8)	105 (93–158)	0.451
Elevated LDL-cholesterol	11 (27.5)	7 (38.8)	0.386
Inflammatory markers
IL-6 (pg/mL)	7 (2–48.1)	5.4 (2.3–13.6)	0.102
TNF-α (pg/mL)	4.62 (1.7–11.9)(n=38)	4.68 (1.9–7.6)(n=15)	0.538
hs-CRP (mg/L)	3.7 (2.3–7.8)	3.7 (1–7.8)	0.267
>3 mg/L	28 (70)	12 (66.6)	0.800

Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range).

BMI, body mass index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.