Table 1. Characteristics of Those with and without Diabetes According to FHD.
| Variables | Non-diabetes (n=7031) | p value | Diabetes (n=1918) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FHD-negative (n=6046) | FHD-positive (n=985) | FHD-negative (n=1366) | FHD-positive (n=552) | |||
| Gender | <0.001 | 0.013 | ||||
| Male | 2333 (38.6) | 303 (30.8) | 687 (50.3) | 243 (44.0) | ||
| Female | 3713 (61.4) | 682 (69.2) | 679 (49.7) | 309 (56.0) | ||
| Age (yr) | 65.1±8.3 | 62.0±7.4 | <0.001 | 67.6±7.6 | 65.0±7.5 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.2±2.9 | 24.4±2.8 | 0.043 | 25.0±3.0 | 24.8±3.0 | 0.429 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 87.4±8.6 | 87.2±8.3 | 0.425 | 90.5±8.2 | 89.2±8.2 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 122.7±17.1 | 120.9±15.5 | 0.002 | 127.1±16.5 | 125.8±16.2 | 0.104 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74.5±10.2 | 74.4±9.9 | 0.750 | 74.0±10.4 | 73.4±10.1 | 0.282 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 202.5±38.4 | 205.3±38.5 | 0.030 | 195.8±43.4 | 195.2±46.7 | 0.776 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.1±12.0 | 52.5±12.0 | 0.307 | 49.6±12.0 | 49.0±10.7 | 0.317 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 114.0 (82.0–165.0) | 116.0 (83.0–165.0) | 0.529 | 134.0 (92.8–196.0) | 135.0 (91.0–194.8) | 0.926 |
| Medication for hypertension, n (%) | 0.155 | 0.462 | ||||
| No | 4129 (68.3) | 695 (70.6) | 675 (49.4) | 283 (51.3) | ||
| Yes | 1917 (31.7) | 290 (29.4) | 691 (50.6) | 269 (48.7) | ||
| Medication for dyslipidemia, n (%) | 0.118 | 0.009 | ||||
| No | 5632 (93.2) | 904 (91.8) | 1198 (87.7) | 459 (83.2) | ||
| Yes | 414 (6.8) | 81 (8.2) | 168 (12.3) | 93 (16.8) | ||
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.163 | ||||
| Never | 4193 (69.4) | 741 (75.2) | 817 (59.8) | 356 (64.5) | ||
| Former | 1225 (20.3) | 154 (15.6) | 360 (26.4) | 128 (23.2) | ||
| Current | 628 (10.4) | 90 (9.1) | 189 (13.8) | 68 (12.3) | ||
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.628 | 0.712 | ||||
| None | 3333 (55.1) | 538 (54.6) | 746 (54.6) | 298 (54.0) | ||
| ≤1 drink/day | 1748 (28.9) | 283 (28.7) | 354 (25.9) | 152 (27.5) | ||
| >1 and ≤2 drinks/day | 348 (5.8) | 65 (6.6) | 86 (6.3) | 35 (6.3) | ||
| >2 and ≤4 drinks/day | 333 (5.5) | 60 (6.1) | 84 (6.1) | 37 (6.7) | ||
| >4 drinks/day | 284 (4.7) | 39 (4.0) | 96 (7.0) | 30 (5.4) | ||
| Educational level, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| Elementary school or lower | 2581 (42.7) | 332 (33.7) | 655 (48.0) | 211 (38.2) | ||
| Middle or high school | 2626 (43.4) | 490 (49.7) | 507 (37.1) | 242 (43.8) | ||
| College or higher | 839 (13.9) | 163 (16.5) | 204 (14.9) | 99 (17.9) | ||
| Diabetes duration (yr) | <0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 608 (44.5) | 160 (29.0) | ||||
| 0.1–4 | 294 (21.5) | 104 (18.8) | ||||
| 5–9 | 157 (11.5) | 84 (15.2) | ||||
| 10–19 | 190 (13.9) | 127 (23.0) | ||||
| ≥20 | 117 (8.6) | 77 (13.9) | ||||
| Medication for diabetes, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 616 (45.1) | 157 (28.4) | ||||
| Yes | 750 (54.9) | 395 (71.6) | ||||
FHD, family history of diabetes; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
Data are presented as means±standard deviations or medians (interquartile ranges) or numbers (percentages).