Table 1.
Currently approved nanomedicines in the clinic
| Year approved | Name | Type | Active drug | Diameter (references) | Type of cancer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan (1994) | Zinostatin stimalamer | Polymer protein conjugate | Styrene maleic anhydride neocarzinostatin (SMANCS) | * | Renal cancer |
| FDA (1995) EMA (1996) |
Doxil/caelyx | Liposome (PEGylated) | Doxorubicin | 80–90 nm [82] | HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma, ovarian cancer, metastatic breast cancer, multiple myeloma |
| FDA (1996) | DaunoXome | Liposome (non-PEGylated) | Daunorubicin | 45 nm [83] | HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma |
| Taiwan (1998) | Lipo-Dox | Liposome | Doxorubicin | 180 nm [84] | Kaposi’s sarcoma, breast and ovarian cancer |
| FDA (1999) | DepoCyt | Liposome | Cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine) | 10–20 µm [84] | Neoplastic meningitis |
| EMA (2000) | Myocet | Liposome | Doxorubicin | 190 nm [84] | Breast cancer |
| FDA (2005) EMA (2008) |
Abraxane | Nanoparticle albumin bound | Paclitaxel | 130 nm [27] | Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic pancreatic cancer, metastatic breast cancer |
| FDA (2006) | Oncaspar | PEG protein conjugate | l-Asparaginase | 50–200 nm [84] | Leukemia |
| South Korea (2007) | Genexol-PM | PEG-PLA polymeric micelle | Paclitaxel | 20–50 nm [85] | Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Ovarian cancer [126] |
| EMA (2009) | MEPACT | Liposome (non-PEGylated) | Mifamurtide | * | Osteosarcoma |
| EMA (2010) | NanoTherm | Iron oxide nanoparticle | – | 20 nm [86] | Thermal ablation glioblastoma |
| FDA (2012) | Marqibo | Liposome (non-PEGylated) | Vincristine | 100 nm [87] | Philadelphia chromosome negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| FDA (2015) | MM-398 (Onivyde) | Liposome (PEGylated) | Irinotecan | 80–140 nm [88] | Metastatic pancreatic cancer (2nd line) |
* Data could not be found