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. 2017 Dec 11;7:17342. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17700-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Combined Mmp-7 deletion and EC4-Fc over-expression resulted in reduced vessel wall proliferation and apoptosis in Ang-II induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in Apoe^−/− mice. (a) Representative images of proliferation markers: PCNA and Ki67 immunohistochemistry in the mouse abdominal aortae. Positive cells are brown, negative nuclei are blue. Arrows indicate some positive cells. Scale bar indicates 20 µm. Small panel (left-handside) shows high power of Ki67 immunohistochemistry with two positive (brown cells). Analysis of immunohistochemistry is shown in the graphs. Proliferation was measured by counting the proportion of positive cells. * indicates a significant difference from Mmp-7^+/+ Fc. (mean + SEM, n = 17–19, p < 0.05, ANOVA, Student Newman Keuls Post test). (b) Representative images of apoptosis markers: cleaved PARP (cPARP) and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) immunohistochemistry in the mouse abdominal aortae. For cPARP: positive cells are brown, negative nuclei are blue. For CC3: positive cells are green, negative nuclei are blue. Arrows indicate some positive cells. Scale bar indicates 20 µm. Analysis of immunohistochemistry is shown in the graphs. Apoptosis was measured by counting the proportion of positive cells. * indicates a significant difference from Mmp-7^+/+ Fc (mean + SEM, n = 17–19, p < 0.05, Student Newman Keuls Post test for cPARP, unpaired t test for CC3).