Table 2.
Prognostic impact of mutated gene in AML.
| Gene | Prognostic impact | References |
|---|---|---|
| NPMI | Favorable prognosis with a reduced risk of relapse | Döhner et al., 2005; Papaemmanuil et al., 2016 |
| DNMT3A | Unfavorable outcomes and higher relapse rates Worse prognosis was observed in CN-AML patients | Marková et al., 2012; Patel et al., 2012; Shivarov et al., 2013; Tie et al., 2014 |
| IDH1 and IDH2 | Unfavorable outcomes in patients with IDH1 mutations compared to with IDH2 mutations Shorter relapse free survival in patients with double positive IDH and IDH and NPM1 mutations, but FLT3-ITD-negative | Abbas et al., 2010; Paschka et al., 2010; Patel et al., 2012; Aref et al., 2015 |
| TET2 | The prognostic effect remains controversial. | Gaidzik et al., 2012; Patel et al., 2012; Ahn et al., 2015; Kutny et al., 2015 |
| FLT3-ITD | Poor outcomes and high relapse rate | Kottaridis et al., 2002; Shih et al., 2002; Cloos et al., 2006; Alvarado et al., 2014 |
| FLT3-TKD | Prognosis value remains unclear and contradicting | Martelli et al., 2013; Ofran and Rowe, 2013 |
| NRAS | No difference outcomes in patients with mutant and wild-type NRAS | Bowen et al., 2005; Bacher et al., 2006; Berman et al., 2011 |
| KIT | Conferred increased relapse risk in adult CBF-AML with t(8;21) but no significant impact on childhood CBF-AML patients | Pollard et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2016 |
| CEBPA | Good prognosis marker with significant longer relapse free overall survival especially in CN-AML Prolonged survival after relapse if patients acquired CEBPA mutation during relapse | Renneville et al., 2009a; Pastore et al., 2014; Li et al., 2015; Tawana et al., 2015 |
| RUNX1 | Unfavorable outcome, predictive of chemotherapy resistance and increased relapse rate | Gaidzik et al., 2011; Grossmann et al., 2012; Ismael et al., 2014 |
| ASXL1 and ASXL2 | Predictive of inferior prognosis specifically to male adults with MDS, age and positive RUNX1 mutations Prognostic implication remains inconclusive in childhood AML | Schnittger et al., 2012; Micol et al., 2014; Döhner et al., 2015; Shiba et al., 2016 |
| BCOR | Associated with poorer prognosis in adult AML Similar 3-year overall survival in childhood AML with or without BCOR mutation | Grossmann et al., 2011; Shiba et al., 2016 |
| KMT2A/MLL-PTD | Conferred an inferior prognosis, especially those with CN-AML Worst prognosis in patients with double positive IDH and DNMT3A mutations | Döhner et al., 2002; Grossmann et al., 2012; Kao et al., 2015 |
| EZH2 | Poor prognosis and inferior survival | Kawahara et al., 2012; Larsson et al., 2014 |
| SMC3, RAD21 and STAG2 | No association between the mutations and overall survival rate | Shiba et al., 2016 |
| TP53 | Associated with inferior prognosis and higher relapse risk, the worst prognosis in AML | Grossmann et al., 2012; Hou et al., 2015 |
| WT1 | Adverse outcomes in both childhood and adult AML, low overall survival rate and high relapse rate | Hollink et al., 2009; Renneville et al., 2009b; Hou et al., 2010 |
| PHF6 | Poor outcomes in intermediate risk group AML patients Predictive biomarker for relapse SMC3relapse | Ding et al., 2012; Patel et al., 2012 |