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. 2017 Dec 11;7:17305. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17409-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Localization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in zebrafish embryos exposed to BMAA₁₇₀ as compared to control embryos. (A) Embryos were incubated for 60 min in CM-H2DCFA (10 μM) in rearing medium. Control embryo (left), i.e., water only, bright field image (top) and overlay with fluorescence (bottom). BMAA₁₇₀-treated embryo (right), bright field image (top) and overlay with fluorescence (bottom). Red outline highlights the brain region. Red arrow indicates fluorescent cells in the brain region surrounding the pigments. Asterisk indicate fluorescent cells in the yolk sac. (B) Intact embryos were homogenized to separate metabolic layer in 5% 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA) solution and glutathione (GSH) levels were analysed by using GSH assay kit from Sigma-Aldrich. Significant reduction of GSH (p < 0.001; n = 9) in BMAA treated embryo is clearly observed.