Table 4.
Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Adults Aged 45-74 Years in the Southern Cone of Latin America
| Risk factors | COPD according FEV1/FVC Odds ratios and 95% CI |
COPD according LLN Odds ratios and 95% CI |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| Sex, men | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.2) | |
| Age, years | 45-54 | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 55-64 | 2.1 (1.5, 2.9) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.3) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.2) | |
| 65-74 | 4.6 (3.4, 6.2) | 6.1 (4.4, 8.6) | 2.1 (1.4, 3.0) | 2.7 (1.7, 4.1) | |
| < High-school education | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.5) | 1.8 (1.1, 2.7) | |
| Body-mass index <25 kg/m2 | 1.7 (1.3, 2.1) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 2.2 (1.6, 3.0) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.7) | |
| Cigarette smoking | Never | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Former | 1.3 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.2) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.8) | |
| Current | 2.8 (2.1, 3.7) | 2.8 (2.1, 3.8) | 3.1 (2.1, 4.6) | 3.1 (2.1, 4.5) | |
| Lifetime exposure in current smokers, pack-years | <10 | ref | – | ref | – |
| 10-19 | 2.1 (1.0, 4.4) | – | 1.0 (0.4, 2.7) | – | |
| ≥20 | 4.0 (2.1, 7.7) | – | 2.2 (1.1, 4.4) | – | |
| Second-hand smoking | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | – | 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) | – | |
| Exposure to biomass | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | |
| Self-reported history of asthma | 8.8 (6.2, 12.5) | 9.8 (6.7, 14.4) | 10.8 (7.3, 16.0) | 13.0 (8.4, 19.9) | |
| Self-reported history of tuberculosis | 3.9 (1.8, 8.3) | 3.3 (1.4, 7.8) | 6.4 (2.9, 14.2) | 5.6 (2.2, 14.3) | |
Model 1: model for each risk factor adjusted for age, sex, and study site; Model 2: model adjusted for age, sex, study site, high school education, body-mass index, cigarette smoking, exposure to biomass, self-reported history of asthma, and self-reported history of tuberculosis