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. 2016 Jul 21;36:6. doi: 10.1186/s41232-016-0015-4

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© Nakayamada and Tanaka 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Emerging B cell-targeted therapy including BAFF/APRIL inhibition in autoimmune diseases. Current strategies for autoimmune diseases include appropriate targets for therapeutic modulation such as B cell surface antigens (CD20 and CD22), co-stimulatory molecules (CTLA-4, CD40/CD40L, ICOS/ICOSL, and BAFF/APRIL/BAFF-R/BCMA/TACI), and various intracellular signal transduction pathways (Syk and Btk)