Table 2.
The effects of pharmacological treatment of MSCs
| Drug | Target cells | Clinical effect | MSC-mediated hematopoiesis | MSC-mediated bone regeneration | Mechanism(s) in MSCs | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASA | Broad cells | Anti-inflammation | N/T | ↑ | Telomerase activity↑ | [33] |
| EPO | Erythroid progenitors | Erythropoiesis | ↑ | ↑ | EPOR/Stat5 pathway↑ | [34] |
| PTH | Osteoblasts/Osteoclasts | Osteoporosis | ↑ | → | CDH11 expression↑ | [35] |
| VK2 | Osteoblasts | Osteoporosis | ↑ | ↑ | CXCL12 expression↓ | [37] |
| OICS | N/A | Osteoporosis | ↑ | → | CXCL12 and VCAM1 expression↓ | [36] |
Up arrows indicate up-regulation or activation. Down arrows indicate down-regulation or inactivation
ASA acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), EPO erythropoietin, EPOR erythropoietin receptor, MSC mesenchymal stromal/stem cell, N/T not tested, OICS osteo-inductive cocktail (dexamethasone, phosphate, and vitamin C ), PTH parathyroid hormone, VCAM1 vascular cell adhesion protein 1, VK2 vitamin K2