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. 2017 Nov 1;37:22. doi: 10.1186/s41232-017-0053-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Protocol for the fabrication of PD sheets and TKA sheets. a Fabrication of PD sheets. PDs obtained from polydactyly surgery were passaged once or twice and stocked at − 180 °C. After further expansion, P2 or P3 cells were seeded on temperature-responsive culture inserts and cultured for 2 weeks. b Fabrication of TKA sheets. Adult chondrocytes and synovial cells obtained from TKA surgery were stocked at P0 and P1, respectively. Chondrocytes were seeded on temperature-responsive culture inserts and cocultured with synovial cells for 2 weeks. Three chondrocyte sheets were layered and cultured for an additional week