Table 2.
Gene expression and risk of recurrence, overall and by race, from CBCS Phase 3, 2008–2013
| Overall (n = 938) | White (n = 465) | Black (n = 473) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene | Recurrence/n | HRb (95% CI) | HRc (95% CI) | Recurrence/n | HRb (95% CI) | HRc (95% CI) | Recurrence/n | HRb (95% CI) | HRc (95% CI) |
| ACOX2 | |||||||||
| ≤ Median | 66/469 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 25/206 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 41/263 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > Median | 45/469 | 0.65 (0.44–0.96) | 0.88 (0.58–1.32) | 17/259 | 0.44 (0.24–0.83) | 0.68 (0.35–1.32) | 28/210 | 0.84 (0.51–1.37) | 1.09 (0.65–1.82) |
| Log2 | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) | 0.81 (0.64–1.01) | 0.99 (0.79–1.23) | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) | 1.09 (0.95–1.25) | |||
| MUC1 | |||||||||
| ≤ Median | 72/474 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 24/179 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 48/295 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > Median | 39/464 | 0.57 (0.38–0.85) | 0.89 (0.57–1.40) | 18/286 | 0.38 (0.21–0.71) | 0.62 (0.30–1.26) | 21/178 | 0.71 (0.43–1.19) | 1.04 (0.58–1.86) |
| Log2 | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | 0.77 (0.67–0.88) | 0.88 (0.74–1.04) | 0.93 (0.83–1.05) | 1.02 (0.89–1.18) | |||
| FAM177A1 | |||||||||
| ≤ Median | 47/468 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 16/211 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 31/257 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > Median | 64/470 | 1.32 (0.89–1.95) | 1.63 (1.09–2.46) | 26/254 | 1.05 (0.53–2.06) | 1.37 (0.69–2.73) | 38/216 | 1.44 (0.89–2.35) | 1.73 (1.04–2.87) |
| Log2 | 1.14 (0.86–1.50) | 1.33 (1.01–1.73) | 1.14 (0.68–1.92) | 1.46 (0.90–2.39) | 1.14 (0.81–1.59) | 1.28 (0.92–1.77) | |||
| GSTT2 | |||||||||
| ≤ Median | 51/471 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 22/250 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 29/221 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > Median | 60/467 | 1.06 (0.72–1.55) | 1.27 (0.86–1.88) | 20/215 | 0.97 (0.53–1.78) | 1.26 (0.68–2.34) | 40/252 | 1.18 (0.72–1.93) | 1.36 (0.82–2.26) |
| Log2 | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 1.03 (0.88–1.20) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) | |||
| PSPH | |||||||||
| ≤ Median | 41/472 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 13/228 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 28/244 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > Median | 70/466 | 1.71 (1.12–2.61) | 1.76 (1.15–2.68) | 29/237 | 1.79 (0.87–3.71) | 2.04 (1.00–4.15) | 41/229 | 1.66 (0.98–2.80) | 1.69 (1.00–2.85) |
| Log2 | 1.18 (1.00–1.41) | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 1.32 (0.95–1.84) | 1.36 (0.98–1.87) | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | |||
| PSPHL | |||||||||
| ≤ Median | 40/474 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 25/341 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 15/133 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > Median | 71/464 | 1.52 (0.95–2.44) | 1.33 (0.83–2.15) | 17/124 | 1.74 (0.93–3.26) | 1.53 (0.80–2.92) | 54/340 | 1.42 (0.72–2.81) | 1.24 (0.62–2.48) |
| Log2 | 1.14 (1.00–1.31) | 1.09 (0.95–1.26) | 1.19 (0.96–1.48) | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) | 1.16 (0.97–1.38) | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | |||
| SQLE | |||||||||
| ≤ Median | 41/468 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 17/273 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 24/195 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > Median | 70/470 | 1.47 (0.99–2.17) | 1.09 (0.73–1.64) | 25/192 | 1.97 (1.06–3.65) | 1.40 (0.72–2.72) | 45/278 | 1.23 (0.75–2.03) | 0.96 (0.58–1.60) |
| Log2 | 1.31 (1.13–1.52) | 1.20 (1.03–1.41) | 1.40 (1.09–1.80) | 1.21 (0.91–1.59) | 1.27 (1.06–1.53) | 1.19 (0.98–1.44) | |||
| TYMS | |||||||||
| ≤ Median | 35/469 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 19/282 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 16/187 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > Median | 76/469 | 1.93 (1.27–2.92) | 1.11 (0.67–1.84) | 23/183 | 1.70 (0.91–3.18) | 0.65 (0.29–1.47) | 53/286 | 2.09 (1.18–3.68) | 1.50 (0.77–2.90) |
| Log2 | 1.37 (1.15–1.64) | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | 1.38 (1.02–1.85) | 0.84 (0.61–1.15) | 1.34 (1.06–1.69) | 1.08 (0.80–1.46) | |||
| MRE Scorea | |||||||||
| –8 to –2 | 25/367 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 9/207 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 16/160 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| –1 to 3 | 36/336 | 1.48 (0.88–2.48) | 1.14 (0.67–1.94) | 16/169 | 1.93 (0.83–4.47) | 1.67 (0.72–3.85) | 20/167 | 1.18 (0.61–2.30) | 0.88 (0.44–1.76) |
| 4 to 8 | 50/235 | 3.03 (1.80–5.07) | 2.10 (1.22–3.62) | 17/89 | 4.42 (1.89–10.32) | 2.88 (1.17–7.11) | 33/146 | 2.44 (1.29–4.62) | 1.78 (0.91–3.49) |
| Trend | 1.15 (1.09–1.22) | 1.11 (1.04–1.19) | 1.19 (1.08–1.31) | 1.14 (1.03–1.27) | 1.14 (1.05–1.23) | 1.11 (1.02–1.20) | |||
RNA counts were normalized log2-transformed prior to analysis; analyses exclude women with unknown stage and stage IV breast cancer
Log2 = continuous normalized log2-transformed gene expression
CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio
aMulti-gene race-associated expression (MRE) score based on eight genes with higher scores indicating worse risk or recurrence: for ACOX2 and MUC1, ≤ median = 1 vs > median = –1; for FAM177A1, GSTT2, PSPH, PSPHL, SQLE, and TYMS, ≤ median = –1 vs > median = 1
bAdjusted for age, race (black vs. white), and codeset, as appropriate
cAdjusted for age, race (black vs. white), codeset, PAM50 subtype (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, basal-like, or normal-like), and risk of recurrence score with tumor size (ROR-PT; low, medium, or high), as appropriate