Table 2.

Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid absolute and normalized concentrations of common cytokines in control and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus subjects

	Control mean (SD)	PHH mean (SD)	Mean difference	95% confidence interval	p value
Total protein (μg/ml)	1540 (985.6)	3285 (2265.9)	1745.0	2714–775.3	0.0008
IL-1α (pg/ml)	2.385 (3.758)	13.51 (11.03)	11.13	17.67–4.577	0.0019
Normalized IL-1α	1.58E−7 (2.72E−7)	4.89E−7 (4.56E−7)	3.31E−7	6.40E−7 to 2.31E−8	0.0363
IL-1β (pg/ml)	4.600 (15.05)	79.89 (146.3)	75.29	156.2 to − 5.664	n.s.
Normalized IL-1β	1.27E−7 (2.93E−7)	1.90E−6 (2.2E−6)	1.78E−6	3.02E−6 to 5.31E−7	0.0072
IL-4 (pg/ml)	0.266 (0.4465)	1.010 (0.5653)	0.7444	− 1.173 to − 0.3164	0.0016
Normalized IL-4	1.64E−9 (2.53E−9)	4.20E-9 (3.55E−9)	2.56E−9	5.13E−9 to − 1.11E−11	n.s.
IL-6 (pg/ml)	268.2 (667.8)	981.3 (932.6)	713.1	1389–37.32	0.0395
Normalized IL-6	1.8E−5 (5.6E−5)	4.27E−5 (5.82E−5)	2.49E−5	7.38E−5 to − 2.40E−5	n.s.
IL-8 (pg/ml)	522.5 (528)	1958 (3158)	1436	3205 to − 333.3	n.s.
Normalized IL-8	4.4E−5 (5.3E−5)	1.04E−4 (1.95E−4)	6.0E−5	1.9E−4 to − 6.7E−5	n.s.
IL-10 (pg/ml)	5.154 (14.59)	128 (274.8)	122.8	274.1 to − 28.38	n.s.
Normalized IL-10	1.81E−7 (3.13E−7)	2.53E−6 (3.75E−6)	2.35E−6	4.42E−6 to 2.84E−7	0.0277
IL-12 (pg/ml)	1.763 (2.446)	11.58 (9.234)	9.819	15.14 to 4.497	0.0009
Normalized IL-12	1.3E−7 (2.2E−7)	3.75E−7 (3.12E−7)	2.45E−7	4.70E−7 to 2.043E−8	0.0339
TNF-α (pg/ml)	2.147 (3.337)	9.71 (7.384)	7.566	12.18–2.951	0.0026
Normalized TNF-α	1.61E−7 (3.0E−7)	3.42E−7 (2.97E−7)	1.81E−7	4.38E−7 to − 7.55E−8	n.s.
TGF-β1 (ng/ml)	0.4504 (0.8607)	1.161 (2.270)	0.7103	2.278 to − 0.857	n.s.
Normalized TGF-β1	1.9E−5 (2.0E−5)	2.4E−5 (2.1E−5)	4.55E−6	2.02E−5 to − 1.5E−5	n.s.
IFN-γ (pg/ml)	0.6463 (1.552)	1.191 (1.357)	0.5446	1.812 to − 0.7226	n.s.
Normalized IFN-γ	2.93E−8 (5.65E−8)	3.42E−8 (2.35E−8)	4.91E−9	4.44E−8 to − 3.45E−8	n.s.

SD standard deviation, PHH: post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus