Table 1.
Univariate associations between ESS score > 10 and independent variables of interesta
| Variables | ESS Score, n (%) | Univariate OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n = 738) | Abnormal (n = 91) | ||
| Demographics | |||
| Sex | |||
| Female (reference) | 369 (87.6) | 52 (12.4) | 1.00 |
| Male | 369 (90.4) | 39 (9.6) | 0.76 (0.48–1.20) |
| Age, in years | |||
| 17–25 (reference) | 266 (92.7) | 21 (7.3) | 1.00 |
| 26–35 | 180 (88.2) | 24 (11.8) | 1.71 (0.90–3.26) |
| 36–45 | 119 (89.5) | 14 (10.5) | 1.45 (0.69–3.03) |
| 46–55 | 113 (91.1) | 11 (8.9) | 1.30 (0.58–2.90) |
| > 55 | 60 (74.1) | 21 (25.9) | 4.46 (2.34–8.52) |
| Educational level | |||
| Completed postsecondary education (reference) | 103 (88.8) | 13 (11.2) | 1.00 |
| Completed university | 89 (88.1) | 12 (11.9) | 1.02 (0.41–2.53) |
| Completed high school | 191 (92.7) | 15 (7.3) | 0.61 (0.26–1.43) |
| Less than high school | 354 (87.6) | 50 (12.4) | 1.12 (0.56–2.25) |
| Marital status | |||
| Widowed/divorced/separated/single (reference) | 430 (88.5) | 56 (11.5) | 1.00 |
| Married/common in law | 288 (89.4) | 34 (10.6) | 0.88 (0.56–1.38) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||
| Normal (<25) (reference) | 251 (90.0) | 28 (10.0) | 1.00 |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 213 (88.4) | 28 (11.6) | 1.14 (0.64–2.05) |
| Obese (≥30) | 258 (88.4) | 34 (11.6) | 1.15 (0.68–1.95) |
| Smoke status | |||
| Non-smoker (reference) | 68 (86.1) | 11 (13.9) | 1.00 |
| Ex-smoker | 85 (84.2) | 16 (15.8) | 1.27 (0.51–3.16) |
| Current smoker | 585 (90.1) | 64 (9.9) | 0.72 (0.36–1.42) |
| In past 12 months, had ≥5 drinks on one occasion | |||
| No (reference) | 156 (88.1) | 21 (11.9) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 579 (89.6) | 67 (10.4) | 0.84 (0.50–1.41) |
| Employment status | |||
| Yes (reference) | 388 (89.2) | 47 (10.8) | 1.00 |
| No | 346 (88.7) | 44 (11.3) | 1.05 (0.67–1.64) |
| Doctor ever diagnosed: | |||
| Sinus trouble | |||
| No (reference) | 470 (91.8) | 42 (8.2) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 189 (83.3) | 38 (16.7) | 2.24 (1.42–3.54) |
| Heart problem | |||
| No (reference) | 674 (90.2) | 73 (9.8) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 62 (78.5) | 17 (21.5) | 2.55 (1.47–4.41) |
| Tuberculosis | |||
| No (reference) | 597 (90.5) | 63 (9.5) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 43 (78.2) | 12 (21.8) | 2.71 (1.30–5.63) |
| Attack of bronchitis | |||
| No (reference) | 466 (91.6) | 43 (8.4) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 180 (82.9) | 37 (17.1) | 2.22 (1.38–3.56) |
| Ever had asthma | |||
| No (reference) | 616 (89.3) | 74 (10.7) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 122 (87.8) | 17 (12.2) | 1.12 (0.64–1.95) |
| Questionnaire ascertained conditions | |||
| Chronic Lung Diseaseb | |||
| No (reference) | 554 (91.6) | 51 (8.4) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 184 (82.1) | 40 (17.9) | 2.35 (1.51–3.64) |
| SOB | |||
| No (reference) | 367 (94.3) | 22 (5.7) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 365 (84.1) | 69 (15.9) | 3.15 (1.92–5.18) |
| Loud snoring | |||
| No (reference) | 626 (89.9) | 70 (10.1) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 110 (84.0) | 21 (16.0) | 1.68 (1.02–2.77) |
| Socio-economic Status | |||
| Money left over at end of the month | |||
| Some (reference) | 188 (86.2) | 30 (13.8) | 1.00 |
| Just enough | 171 (90.5) | 18 (9.5) | 0.64 (0.34–1.22) |
| Not enough | 340 (90.2) | 37 (9.8) | 0.65 (0.37–1.15) |
| Annual household income | |||
| $20,000 and over (reference) | 199 (91.7) | 18 (8.3) | 1.00 |
| $10,000–$19,999 | 106 (86.9) | 16 (13.1) | 1.58 (0.76–3.27) |
| Less than $10,000 | 188 (85.8) | 31 (14.2) | 1.75 (0.88–3.47) |
| Refusal/not stated | 245 (90.4) | 26 (9.6) | 1.09 (0.54–2.19) |
| Home need repairing | |||
| No (reference) | 205 (89.5) | 24 (10.5) | 1.00 |
| Minor | 188 (85.1) | 33 (14.9) | 1.51 (0.82–2.80) |
| Major | 188 (85.1) | 28 (8.7) | 0.81 (0.46–1.43) |
| Home crowded status (person per room) | |||
| one or less person per room (reference) | 188 (85.1) | 52 (9.7) | 1.00 |
| More than one person per room | 215 (86.3) | 34 (13.7) | 1.44 (0.88-2.36) |
aRow percentages are presented
b“Chronic Lung Disease” includes groups of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease