Table 4.
Descriptive statistics (number of children providing complete data on the subscale, means, SD, minima and maxima), internal consistency coefficients (ordinal α) and scores corresponding to a range of percentiles in the sample distribution for each mental health and well-being domain assessed within the Middle Childhood Survey (MCS)
| MCS domain (number of items in subscale) | Source Measure | Sample (n) | Mean | SD | Minima | Maxima | Ordinal α | Scores corresponding to percentiles: | ||||
| 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | ||||||||
| Social Integration (8 items) | QSL | 26 853 | 11.76 | 3.38 | 0 | 16 | 0.91 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 16 |
| Prosocial Behaviour (5 items) | SDQ | 27 474 | 8.03 | 1.73 | 0 | 10 | 0.78 | 6 | 7# | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Peer Relationship Problems (5 items) | SDQ | 27 474 | 2.03 | 1.78 | 0 | 10 | 0.69 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3# | 4 |
| Supportive Home Relationships (4 items) | HKS/MDI | 26 922 | 6.78 | 1.64 | 0 | 8 | 0.88 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Supportive School Relationships (4 items) | HKS/MDI | 26 915 | 6.34 | 1.92 | 0 | 8 | 0.91 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| Supportive Community Relationships (4 items) | HKS/MDI | 26 909 | 5.02 | 2.76 | 0 | 8 | 0.96 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 8 |
| Empathy (4 items) | FTI | 27 108 | 5.74 | 1.48 | 0 | 8 | 0.60 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Empathy (3 items)* | FTI | 27 108 | 4.94 | 1.20 | 0 | 6 | 0.70 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Emotional Symptoms (5 items) | SDQ | 27 473 | 3.02 | 2.31 | 0 | 10 | 0.79 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4# | 6 |
| Conduct Problems (5 items) | SDQ | 27 474 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 0 | 10 | 0.80 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3# | 4 |
| Aggression (2 items) | EATQ-R | 27 472 | 0.69 | 1.04 | 0 | 4 | 0.81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Attention (3 items) | EATQ-R | 27 120 | 3.59 | 1.42 | 0 | 6 | 0.57 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Attention (4 items)* | EATQ-R | 27 120 | 4.93 | 1.78 | 0 | 8 | 0.67 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Inhibitory Control (7 items) | EATQ-R | 27 127 | 7.93 | 2.94 | 0 | 14 | 0.76 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
| Inhibitory Control (6 items)* | EATQ-R | 27 127 | 6.59 | 2.68 | 0 | 12 | 0.75 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 |
| Hyperactivity-Inattention (5 items) | SDQ | 27 472 | 3.60 | 2.37 | 0 | 10 | 0.77 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5# | 7 |
| Total Difficulties (Psychopathology) (20 items) | SDQ | 27 472 | 10.45 | 6.07 | 0 | 40 | 0.88 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 14# | 19 |
| Perceptual Sensitivity (4 items) | EATQ-R | 27 138 | 5.60 | 1.77 | 0 | 8 | 0.71 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Psychotic-like experiences (9 items) | PLEQ-C | 26 976 | 5.66 | 4.46 | 0 | 18 | 0.90 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 12 |
| Extraversion (5 items) | BFQ-C | 27 419 | 8.03 | 1.76 | 0 | 10 | 0.76 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Neuroticism (5 items) | BFQ-C | 27 733 | 3.48 | 2.28 | 0 | 10 | 0.80 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 |
| Conscientiousness (5 items) | BFQ-C | 27 421 | 6.90 | 2.20 | 0 | 10 | 0.78 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 |
| Agreeableness (5 items) | BFQ-C | 27 415 | 7.30 | 1.86 | 0 | 10 | 0.77 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 |
| Intellect/Openness (5 items) | BFQ-C | 27 415 | 7.27 | 1.91 | 0 | 10 | 0.85 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 |
| Self-esteem (3 items) | MSLSS | 27 169 | 4.91 | 1.19 | 0 | 6 | 0.70 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Daytime Sleepiness (3 items) | PDSS | 27 104 | 1.54 | 1.37 | 0 | 6 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Connection to Nature (3 items) | CTNI/CTNS | 27 101 | 3.72 | 1.81 | 0 | 6 | 0.88 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
#For the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales, scores corresponding to the 80th percentile (ie, equating to the cut-off describing a ‘Borderline’ rating) were: Emotional Symptoms=5, Peer Relationship Problems=3, Conduct Problems=3, Hyperactivity-Inattention=6, Prosocial Behaviour (20th percentile)=7 and Total Difficulties=16. The Total Difficulties scale represents the sum of items on the four psychopathology scales (Emotional Symptoms, Peer Relationship Problems, Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity-Inattention); BFQ-C, short form of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children; CTNI/CTNS, Connection to Nature Index/Connectedness to Nature Scale. * Indicates the revised version of the scale with modified number of items (see Footnote ii); EATQ-R, Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire—Revised; FTI, Feeling and Thinking Index; HKS/MDI, Healthy Kids Scale/Middle Years Development Index; MSLSS, Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale; QSL, Quality of School Life; PDSS, Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale; PLEQ-C, Psychotic-Like Experiences Questionnaire for Children; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.