Table 1.
Exposures and Treatment Differences at Index Date, Before and After Weighting, Using Propensity Scores
| Before weighting
|
After weighting
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Label | All (N = 4731) | Untreated (N = 3074) | Treated (N = 1657) | P value (raw) | Untreated (N = 3074) | Treated (N = 1657) | P value |
| Site | KPNW | 1084 (23%) | 647 (21%) | 437 (26%) | <.001 | 13% | 13% | .709 |
| KPHI | 469 (10%) | 304 (10%) | 165 (10%) | 12% | 12% | |||
| HFHS | 2098 (44%) | 1471 (48%) | 627 (38%) | 41% | 41% | |||
| GHS | 1080 (23%) | 652 (21%) | 428 (26%) | 35% | 34% | |||
| Index age, y | <40 | 640 (14%) | 437 (14%) | 203 (12%) | <.001 | 16% | 15% | .917 |
| 40 <50 | 1479 (31%) | 898 (29%) | 581 (35%) | 30% | 31% | |||
| 50 <60 | 1967 (42%) | 1250 (41%) | 717 (43%) | 42% | 42% | |||
| ≥60 | 645 (14%) | 489 (16%) | 156 (9%) | 12% | 12% | |||
| Sex | Female | 1889 (40%) | 1245 (41%) | 644 (39%) | .273 | 42% | 41% | .347 |
| Male | 2842 (60%) | 1829 (59%) | 1013 (61%) | 58% | 59% | |||
| Race | Asian/other | 293 (6%) | 175 (6%) | 118 (7%) | <.001 | 6% | 6% | .913 |
| Black | 1344 (28%) | 1038 (34%) | 306 (18%) | 22% | 22% | |||
| White | 2918 (62%) | 1734 (56%) | 1184 (71%) | 68% | 69% | |||
| Unknown | 176 (4%) | 127 (4%) | 49 (3%) | 3% | 3% | |||
| Index year | <2000 | 406 (9%) | 271 (9%) | 135 (8%) | .253 | 5% | 5% | .552 |
| 2000 <2005 | 1622 (34%) | 1025 (33%) | 597 (36%) | 25% | 26% | |||
| 2005 <2010 | 2142 (45%) | 1416 (46%) | 726 (44%) | 49% | 50% | |||
| ≥2010 | 561 (12%) | 362 (12%) | 199 (12%) | 21% | 19% | |||
| Insurance type | Medicaid | 704 (15%) | 538 (18%) | 166 (10%) | <.001 | 16% | 16% | .987 |
| Medicare | 1178 (25%) | 875 (28%) | 303 (18%) | 22% | 21% | |||
| Private | 2558 (54%) | 1443 (47%) | 1115 (67%) | 56% | 57% | |||
| None | 189 (4%) | 144 (5%) | 45 (3%) | 4% | 4% | |||
| Unknown | 102 (2%) | 74 (2%) | 28 (2%) | 1% | 1% | |||
| Median household income | Missing | 106 (2%) | 86 (3%) | 20 (1%) | <.001 | 2% | 3% | .721 |
| <$15K | 153 (3%) | 119 (4%) | 34 (2%) | 3% | 3% | |||
| $15 <30K | 1055 (22%) | 782 (25%) | 273 (16%) | 21% | 20% | |||
| $30 <50K | 2164 (46%) | 1366 (44%) | 798 (48%) | 48% | 47% | |||
| $50 <75K | 1002 (21%) | 584 (19%) | 418 (25%) | 20% | 20% | |||
| ≥$75K | 251 (5%) | 137 (4%) | 114 (7%) | 7% | 7% | |||
| Alanine aminotransferase | <LLN and/or normal | 1882 (40%) | 1276 (42%) | 606 (37%) | .004 | 41% | 40% | .775 |
| ULN ≤2 ×ULN | 1634 (35%) | 1038 (34%) | 596 (36%) | 33% | 34% | |||
| >2 ×ULN | 1215 (26%) | 760 (25%) | 455 (27%) | 26% | 26% | |||
| Weighted Deyo Charlson score (includes liver comorbidities) | 0 | 2493 (53%) | 1627 (53%) | 866 (52%) | <.001 | 52% | 52% | .957 |
| 1 | 1151 (24%) | 705 (23%) | 446 (27%) | 26% | 26% | |||
| 2 | 388 (8%) | 247 (8%) | 141 (9%) | 8% | 8% | |||
| 3 | 699 (15%) | 495 (16%) | 204 (12%) | 14% | 13% | |||
| HCV RNA, IU/mL | Undetectable (normal) | 104 (5%) | 18 (2%) | 86 (7%) | <.001 | 4% | 5% | .271 |
| Detectable ≤ 100,000 | 251 (12%) | 112 (13%) | 139 (11%) | 11% | 11% | |||
| Detectable >100,000 | 1581 (75%) | 665 (78%) | 916 (73%) | 76% | 75% | |||
| Indeterminate | 172 (8%) | 61 (7%) | 111 (9%) | 9% | 9% | |||
| HCV genotype | 1 | 2689 (57%) | 1675 (54%) | 1014 (61%) | <.001 | 65% | 65% | .788 |
| 2 | 456 (10%) | 208 (7%) | 248 (15%) | 10% | 10% | |||
| 3 | 371 (8%) | 190 (6%) | 181 (11%) | 9% | 9% | |||
| Other/unknown | 1215 (26%) | 1001 (33%) | 214 (13%) | 16% | 15% | |||
| Baseline HIV status indicator | No HIV | 4629 (98%) | 3004 (98%) | 1625 (98%) | .434 | 98% | 98% | .945 |
| HIV | 102 (2%) | 70 (2%) | 32 (2%) | 2% | 2% | |||
| Diabetes | No | 4120 (87%) | 2639 (86%) | 1481 (89%) | <.001 | 89% | 89% | .822 |
| Yes | 611 (13%) | 435 (14%) | 176 (11%) | 11% | 11% | |||
| Substance abuse | No | 4082 (86%) | 2541 (83%) | 1541 (93%) | <.001 | 91% | 92% | .398 |
| Yes | 649 (14%) | 533 (17%) | 116 (7%) | 9% | 8% | |||
| Decompensated cirrhosis | No | 4538 (96%) | 2945 (96%) | 1593 (96%) | .579 | 94% | 95% | .576 |
| Yes | 193 (4%) | 129 (4%) | 64 (4%) | 6% | 5% | |||
| Absolute contraindication | No | 3389 (72%) | 2210 (72%) | 1179 (71%) | .590 | 75% | 74% | .338 |
| Yes | 1342 (28%) | 864 (28%) | 478 (29%) | 25% | 26% | |||
| Relative contraindication | No | 3386 (72%) | 2093 (68%) | 1293 (78%) | <.001 | 76% | 77% | .764 |
| Yes | 1345 (28%) | 981 (32%) | 364 (22%) | 24% | 23% | |||
| Nonadvanced fibrosis | FIB4 < 1.81 | 2441 (52%) | 1585 (52%) | 856 (52%) | .949 | 55% | 54% | .506 |
| Advanced fibrosis | FIB4 ≥ 1.81 | 2290 (48%) | 1489 (48%) | 801 (48%) | 45% | 46% | ||
| Natural log of FIB4 score | 0.7± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | .057 | 0.6 ± 1.47 | 0.6 ± 1.06 | .667 | |
| Natural log of APRI score | −0.2 ± 1.0 | −0.2 ± 1.1 | −0.2 ± 0.9 | .664 | −0.3 ± 1.7 | −0.2 ± 1.21 | .643 | |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GHS, Geisinger Health System; HFHS, Henry Ford Health System; KPHI, Kaiser Permanente, Hawaii; KPNW, Kaiser Permanente Northwest; LLN, lower limit of normal; ULN, upper limit of normal.