A. Real time urine output gravitational device
The urinary drainage bag is held on a 3D printed stand that sits on a high precision scale (Ohaus ScoutPro 4001, Parsippany, NJ) that is subsequently interfaced with a laptop computer. A representative view of the device underneath the operating table during clinical use is provided (right panel).
B. Laptop computer display of urine flow rate using ICM+ software program (University of Cambridge, UK). The top graph displays a clinical example of urine output (green), the second and third graphs show urine flow rate in ml·kg−1·hr−1 (blue) and ml·kg−1·min−1 (yellow) respectively.