Table 1.
Demographic and intraoperative variables of the study cohort.
| Entire Cohort (N=30) |
|
|---|---|
| Age (yr)★ | 70±7.4 |
| Male gender, n(%) | 23 (76.7) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 1 (3.6) |
| Diabetes, n(%) | 15 (51.7) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 21 (70.0) |
| Congestive heart failure, n(%) | 6 (22.2) |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 28 (100.0) |
| Baseline estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) ★ | 69.7±19.03 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) ★ | 61±17.0 |
| Preoperative systolic blood pressure (mmHg) ★ | 135±22.0 |
| Prior cardiac surgery, n(%) | 5 (17.2) |
| Prior carotid endarterectomy, n(%) | 2 (6.9) |
| Prior cerebral vascular accident, n(%) | 3 (10.7) |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n(%) | 4 (14.8) |
| Smoking history, n(%) | 13 (44.8) |
| Preoperative Medication | |
| ACE inhibitors-I, n(%) | 10 (41.7) |
| Anti-lipidemics, n(%) | 1 (4.2) |
| Statin, n(%) | 21 (84.0) |
| Aspirin, n(%) | 20 (76.9) |
| Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, n(%) | 21 (84.0) |
| Calcium channel blocker, n(%) | 6 (25.0) |
| Diuretics, n(%) | 5 (20.0) |
| Heparin, n(%) | 8 (36.4) |
| Surgical procedure | |
| CABG, n(%) | 19 (63.3) |
| CABG+AVR/MVR, n(%) | 1 (3.3) |
| AVR/MVR, n(%) | 7 (23.4) |
| Aortic root, n(%) | 2 (6.7) |
| Aortic, n(%) | 1 (3.3) |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass duration (min)‡ | 107 (82–151) |
| Cross clamp (min) ‡ | 67 (54–100) |
| Lowest hemoglobin (g/dl) ‡ | 8.9 (8.2–9.5) |
| Urine Output on CPB Measured by Device (ml/kg/min) ‡ | 0.022 (0.016–0.035) |
★
Mean±SD.
‡
Median, interquartile range.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; Aortic = aortic surgery; AVR = aortic valve replacement; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MVR = mitral valve replacement or repair.