Table 1. Baseline Demographic Characteristics Among All Births by HIV Exposure Status and Timing of ART Exposurea.
| Characteristic | HIV Exposure Status | Maternal ART Regimen in HIV-Exposed Group | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unexposed (n = 34 616) |
Exposed (n = 11 932) |
No ART in Pregnancy (n = 1059) |
ART Started in Pregnancy (n = 4812) |
ART From Conception (n = 5780) |
|
| Maternal demographic | |||||
| Maternal age, median (IQR), y | 25 (21-30) | 31 (26-35) | 28 (23-33) | 28 (24-32) | 33 (29-37) |
| Married | 3883 (11.2) | 1153 (9.7) | 82 (7.7) | 346 (7.2) | 702 (12.1) |
| No or primary educational attainment | 2126 (6.1) | 1566 (13.1) | 170 (16.1) | 468 (9.7) | 881 (15.2) |
| Occupationb | |||||
| Housewife/none | 18 312 (55.5) | 6574 (57.9) | 635 (65.9) | 2643 (59.27) | 3132 (56.9) |
| Student | 3324 (10.1) | 329 (2.9) | 32 (3.3) | 200 (4.5) | 94 (1.7) |
| Salaried | 11 333 (34.4) | 4457 (39.2) | 296 (30.7) | 1791 (40.1) | 2274 (41.3) |
| Noncitizen | 1203 (3.5) | 334 (2.9) | 151 (14.3) | 88 (1.8) | 86 (1.5) |
| Obstetric and medical history | |||||
| Primiparous | 15 000 (43.3) | 1767 (14.8) | 187 (17.7) | 1140 (23.7) | 415 (7.2) |
| Grand multiparous (≥5 pregnancies) | 2361 (6.8) | 2411 (20.2) | 182 (17.2) | 581 (12.1) | 1567 (27.1) |
| Gestational age at antenatal care presentation, median (IQR), wk | 17 (13-22) | 17 (13-22) | 22 (15-28) | 17 (12-22) | 17 (12-21) |
| Received no prenatal care | 854 (2.5) | 393 (3.3) | 220 (20.8) | 26 (0.5) | 121 (2.1) |
| Alcohol consumption or smoking during pregnancy | 2557 (7.4) | 967 (8.1) | 75 (7.19) | 494 (10.3) | 374 (6.5) |
| Birth via cesarean delivery | 7948 (23.0) | 2830 (23.7) | 227 (21.4) | 1147 (23.8) | 1386 (23.9) |
| Scheduled cesarean delivery, No. (%) of all cesarean deliveries | 2241 (28.2) | 878 (31.0) | 62 (27.3) | 351 (30.6) | 442 (31.9) |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Includes data from all births in the cohort (singleton and multiple). Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (percentage) of patients.
b
Owing to missing data, numbers do not sum to totals in column heads.