Table I.
Demographic and clinical features of patients with Parkinson’s disease and Pisa syndrome.
| Case | Age (yrs) | Gender | PD Features | PS Features | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD duration (yrs) | Type | UPDRS III | Mod. H&Y stage | More affected side | Direction (left/right) | Degrees (°) | PS duration | Therapy at onset (daily mg) | Anterior trunk flexion (°) | Back pain (0–10 VAS) | Awareness (Yes/No) | |||
| 1 | 72 | M | 16 yrs | NT | 16 | 3 | L | R | 10 | 6 yrs | Levodopa (600), Pramipexole (1.31) | 0 | 0 | Yes |
| 2 | 80 | M | 11 yrs | NT | 22 | 2.5 | R | R | 20 | 8 yrs | Levodopa (700), Pramipexole (1.31) | 20 | 0 | Yes |
| 3 | 72 | F | 3 yrs | NT | 35 | 2.5 | L | R | 30 | 1 yr | Levodopa (1900), Entacapone (200), Pramipexole (0.52) | 20 | 0 | Yes |
| 4 | 55 | M | 4 yrs | NT | 57 | 2.5 | L | R | 42 | 4 yrs | Pramipexole (3.15), Rasagiline (1) | 46 | 6 | Yes |
| 5 | 42 | M | 6 yrs | NT | 16 | 2.5 | L | R | 50 | 3 yrs | Levodopa (400), Pramipexole (3.15), Rasagiline (1) | 10 | 4 | Yes |
| 6 | 55 | F | 5 yrs | NT | 9 | 1 | L | L | 10 | 7 mths | Rasagiline (1), Pramipexole (1.57) | 22 | 3 | No |
| 7 | 75 | M | 8 yrs | TD | 54 | 3 | L | L | 16 | 2 yrs | Levodopa (400), Pramipexole (1.05) | 0 | 7 | Yes |
| 8 | 67 | F | 7 yrs | TD | 19 | 2.5 | R | L | 18 | 1 yr | Levodopa (800), Pramipexole (2,1), Rasagiline (1) | 8 | 3 | Yes |
| 9 | 64 | F | 5 yrs | NT | 30 | 2.5 | L | L | 28 | 4 mths | Levodopa (600), Pramipexole (2.1) | 12 | 9 | Yes |
Abbreviations: PD= Parkinson’s disease; PS=Pisa syndrome; UPDRS III=Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, part III (motor subscale); R=right; L=left; TD=tremor dominant phenotype; NT=non-tremor dominant phenotype; Mod. H&Y stage=Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage; VAS=visual analog scale.