Table II.
Mean normalized EMG data (%) of muscles in PS patients during upright standing.
| ICL | ICT | GM | EO | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||
| Contra | Ipsi | Contra | Ipsi | Contra | Ipsi | Contra | Ipsi | |
| Mean | *80.67 | 31.12 | 134.81 | 94.19 | 41.25 | 25.40 | 26.34 | 30.73 |
| SD | 61.19 | 52.85 | 261.90 | 168.28 | 34.35 | 27.64 | 21.21 | 20.72 |
| Pattern | + | − | + | − | + | − | − | + |
Abbreviations: PS=Pisa syndrome; ICL=iliocostalis lumborum; ICT=iliocostalis thoracis; GM=gluteus medius; EO=external oblique muscle; PS=Pisa syndrome; Ipsi=ipsilateral to the side of bending; Contra=contralateral to the side of bending; Pattern=categorization of muscle (EMG) activity as + sustained, or − mild.
*
Wilcoxon p<0.05 for left-right comparison