Table 3.

Clinical studies on specific bacteria and bacterial dysbiosis in colorectal cancer

Specific bacteria or bacterial dysbiosis	Findings (References)
Colorectal adenoma
Bacterial dysbiosis	Microbial diversity in tumor tissue specimens was higher in colorectal adenoma cases than in control cases (98, 99).
Fusobacterium nucleatum	High amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum was associated with colorectal adenoma (110).
Colorectal cancer
Bacterial dysbiosis	Microbial diversity in tumor tissue or stool specimens was higher in colorectal cancer cases than control cases (100–107).
Fusobacterium nucleatum	A high amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum was associated with colorectal cancer (108–117).
Escherichia coli	A high amount of Escherichia coli was associated with colorectal cancer (126, 127).
Bacteroides fragilis	A high amount of Bacteroides fragilis was associated with colorectal cancer (116, 128, 129).
Enterococcus faecalis	Enterococcus faecalis is detected significantly more often in the stools of colorectal cancer cases than those of control cases (130).
Streptococcus gallolyticus	The amount of Streptococcus gallolyticus was higher in colorectal carcinoma cases than in control cases (133).