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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2018 Jan;128(1):117–129. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001926

Figure 5.

Figure 5

MicroRNA-21 knockout blocked the regulatory effects of isoflurane preconditioning on endothelial nitric oxide synthase and mitochontrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in ischemic myocardium. A: microRNA-21 knockout blocked isoflurane-induced increases in the ratio of endothelial nitric oxide synthase dimers/monomers in myocardium 5 min after ischemia (mean ± SD, n=5 hearts/group); B: representativive Western blot bands showing the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase dimers (230 KDa) and monomers (130 KDa) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (37 KDa) as a loading control in myocardium 5 min after ischemia (n=3 hearts/blot); C: microRNA-21 knockout blocked isoflurane-induced decreases in mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels 5 min after ischemia (n=9 hearts in control, microRNA-21 knockout, and isoflurane groups and 8 hearts in microRNA-21 knockout+isoflurane group). All hearts were stabilized for 30 minutes in a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 5 minutes of global ischemia. Control, C57BL/6 mouse hearts underlying 5 minutes of ischemia; microRNA-21 knockout, microRNA-21 knockout hearts subjected to 5 minutes of ischemia; isoflurane, C57BL/6 mouse hearts treated with isoflurane and subsequently underlying 5 minutes of ischemia; microRNA-21 knockout+isoflurane, microRNA-21 knockout hearts treated with isoflurane and subsequently subjected to 5 minutes of ischemia. *P<0.05 versus control groups, †P<0.05 versus microRNA-21 knockout groups, #P<0.05 versus isoflurane groups. D: endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout blocked isoflurane-induced decreases in mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels 5 minutes after ischemia (n=10 hearts in control, 9 hearts in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout and isoflurane groups, and 8 hearts in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout+isoflurane group). Control, C57BL/6 mouse hearts underlying 5 minutes of ischemia; endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout, endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout hearts subjected to 5 minutes of ischemia; isoflurane, C57BL/6 mouse hearts treated with isoflurane and subsequently subjected to 5 minutes of ischemia; endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout+isoflurane, endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout hearts treated with isoflurane and subsequently subjected to 5 minutes of ischemia. *P<0.05 versus control groups, †P<0.05 versus endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout groups, #P<0.05 versus isoflurane groups.