Table 3.
Show the univariable relationship between knowledge and respondents’ attitudes and practices toward pesticide usage.
| Category | Questions | Response | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attitudes | Do you think it is important to observe weather conditions when before spraying? | Yes | Ref | |
| No | 1.04 (−1.08, 3.16) | 0.96 | ||
| If yes, which of following is the least conducive weather for spraying? | Windy | Ref | ||
| Rainy | 1.21 (−0.56, 2.98) | 0.74 | ||
| Sunny | 3.57 (1.77, 5.37) | 0.03 | ||
| Not sure | 1.71 (−0.58, 4.00) | 0.51 | ||
| Do you think mixing of pesticides is very important? | Yes | Ref | ||
| No | 0.86 (−0.57, 2.29) | 0.68 | ||
| Do you care that pesticides can enter our bodies? | Yes | Ref | ||
| No | 0.75 (0.25, 1.25) | 0.57 | ||
| Do you care about the harmful effects of pesticide exposure? | Yes | Ref | ||
| No | 1.48 (−0.10, 3.06) | 0.39 | ||
| Do you think the following can be potential pesticide exposure symptoms; nausea, vomiting, salivation, skin irritation, and blurred vision? | Yes | Ref | ||
| No | 0.32 (−1.23, 1.87) | 0.01 | ||
| Do you think you can reduce on the amount of pesticides you use in agriculture without affecting the expected yield? | Yes | Ref | ||
| No | 0.69 (−0.94, 2.32) | 0.44 | ||
| Don’t know | 0.93 (−0.95, 2.81) | 0.91 | ||
| Practices | Where do you buy pesticides? | Iganga | 1 | |
| Nabitende | 1.40 (−0.48, 3.28) | 0.59 | ||
| Kampala | 0.42 (−3.52, 4.36) | 0.52 | ||
| What do you wear when spraying? | Ordinary clothing | 1 | ||
| Gloves | 0.91 (−0.61, 2.43) | 0.82 | ||
| Overall | 5.78 (2.86, 8.70) | 0.10 | ||
| Mask | 0.43 (−2.10, 2.96) | 0.36 | ||
| Hat | 1.28 (−2.18, 4.74) | 0.84 | ||
| Long sleeved shirt | 0.43 (−2.10, 2.96) | 0.36 | ||
| Gumboots | 1.93 (−1.29, 5.15) | 0.58 | ||
| What is your average spray time? | <2 h | 1 | ||
| 2–4 h | 0.97 (−0.48, 2.42) | 0.93 | ||
| >4 h | 0.57 (−0.97, 2.11) | 0.18 | ||
| Do you clean equipment after use? | Yes | 1 | ||
| No | 2.34 (0.74, 3.94) | 0.068 | ||
| Where do you do equipment cleaning? | Field | 1 | ||
| House | 1.40 (−0.11, 2.91) | 0.42 | ||
| Water source | 0.57 (−0.97, 2.11) | 0.19 | ||
| Where do you store pesticides and equipment? | Inside the house | Ref | ||
| Outside the house | 0.93 (−0.49, 2.35) | 0.83 | ||
| How are pesticides stored | Left in the original container | 1 | ||
| Decanted into another container | 0.60 (−0.89, 2.09) | 0.204 | ||
| Where and how do you dispose the used pesticide containers? | Burn | Ref | ||
| House | 2.13 (0.23, 4.03) | 0.24 | ||
| Reused | 0 | 0.99 | ||
| Latrine | 2.50 (0.55, 4.45) | 0.17 | ||
| Bush | 2.45 (0.53, 4.37) | 0.17 | ||
| How far on average is pesticide storage to water containers for home use | <10 m | |||
| >10 m | 0.50 (−0.92, 1.92) | 0.048 | ||
| Is the store accessible to children | Accessible | Ref | ||
| Non-accessible | 0.72 (−0.91, 2.35) | 0.502 | ||
| Sociodemographic | Age | <22 | Ref | Ref |
| 22–27 | 0.713 (0.19–2.40) | 0.59 | ||
| 28–31 | 0.42 (0.11–1.46) | 0.18 | ||
| 32–39 | 1.73 (0.40–8.07) | 0.46 | ||
| 40–45 | 1.02 (0.28–3.55) | 0.96 | ||
| 46–53 | 0.46 (0.12–1.58) | 0.22 | ||
| >54 | 0.82 (0.22–2.89) | 0.75 | ||
| Gender | Male | Ref | Ref | |
| Female | 1.311 (0.698–2.479) | 0.339 | ||
| Marital status | Married | Ref | Ref | |
| Single | 0.563 (0.232–1.359) | 0.197 | ||
| Widowed | 1.408 (0.291–10.087) | 0.681 | ||
| Education level | Never | |||
| Primary | 0.882 (0.363–2.066) | 0.777 | ||
| Secondary | 0.644 (0.256–1.564) | 0.338 | ||
| Tertiary | 0.478 (0.051–4.413) | 0.4886 | ||
| Land ownership | Family | Ref | Ref | |
| Relative | 0.707 (0.202–2.577) | 0.585 | ||
| Friend | 2.064 (0.474–14.248) | 0.378 | ||
| Rented | 0.766 (0.312–1.9285) | 0.563 | ||