Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in each experimental group
| Characteristics | Effective first-person experience (N=22) | Effective observation experience (N=21) | Ineffective first-person experience (N=20) | Ineffective observation experience (N=19) | F(3, 78) | P | ηp2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 21.23±1.63 | 20.52±1.50 | 20.50±1.64 | 20.63±1.46 | 1.034 | 0.382 | 0.038 |
| PCS | 18.55±10.47 | 16.19±9.92 | 22.35±12.31 | 17.89±11.05 | 1.14 | 0.336 | 0.042 |
| STAI-S | 38.18±10.82 | 38.90±7.60 | 40.35±10.20 | 39.89±9.24 | 0.21 | 0.884 | 0.008 |
| STAI-T | 43.27±8.82 | 42.29±9.13 | 43.30±8.82 | 41.28±9.99 | 0.08 | 0.971 | 0.003 |
| IRI | 55.95±9.30 | 56.57±8.33 | 55.85±7.56 | 59.21±7.15 | 0.724 | 0.541 | 0.027 |
Note: Data are expressed as mean ± SD.
Abbreviations: IRI, Interpersonal Reactivity Index; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; STAI-S, State Subscale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI-T, Trait Subscale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.