Table 1.
Baseline characteristics among the patients performing contrast CT, but with less than 2.0 mg/dL of serum creatinine at baseline.
| Variables | Total (n = 13,088, 100%) | Hypochloremia (n = 2,525, 19.3%) | Normochloremia (n = 10,322, 78.9%) | Hyperchloremia (n = 241, 1.8%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 59.0 ± 15.3 | 60.0 ± 14.8 | 58.7 ± 15.4 | 64.2 ± 15.9 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 7,635 (58.3%) | 1,504 (59.6%) | 6,011 (58.2%) | 120 (49.8%) | 0.012 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 22.2 ± 3.6 | 22.9 ± 3.4 | 22.8 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
| Inpatients, n (%) | 11539 (88.2%) | 2391 (94.7%) | 8913 (86.3%) | 235 (97.5%) | <0.001 |
| Comorbid disease, n(%) | |||||
| DM | 3,800 (29.0%) | 873 (34.6%) | 2,841 (27.5%) | 86 (35.7%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 5,881 (44.9%) | 1,182 (46.8%) | 4,559 (44.2%) | 140 (58.1%) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2,361 (18.0%) | 452 (17.9%) | 1,855 (18.0%) | 54 (22.4%) | 0.205 |
| CAD | 1,368 (10.5%) | 266 (10.5%) | 1,055 (10.2%) | 47 (19.5%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 506 (3.9%) | 104 (4.1%) | 386 (3.7%) | 16 (6.6%) | 0.053 |
| Contrast volume, mL | 120.5 ± 20.0 | 117.3 ± 20.9 | 121.4 ± 19.6 | 118.1 ± 22.3 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| BUN, mg/dL | 16.1 ± 8.6 | 17.1 ± 9.6 | 15.6 ± 8.1 | 23.4 ± 13.7 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.76 ± 0.26 | 0.74 ± 0.27 | 0.76 ± 0.26 | 0.84 ± 0.32 | <0.001 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 137.5 ± 4.5 | 132.0 ± 4.5 | 138.7 ± 3.1 | 145.1 ± 5.1 | <0.001 |
| Chloride, mEq/L | 101.1 ± 4.9 | 93.9 ± 3.5 | 102.5 ± 2.9 | 113.6 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
| tCO2, mEq/L | 23.8 ± 3.6 | 24.4 ± 4.1 | 23.7 ± 3.3 | 20.5 ± 4.3 | <0.001 |
| CA-AKI rate, n (%) | 568 (4.3%) | 137 (5.4%) | 408 (4.0%) | 23 (9.5%) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean (with standard deviation) or n (%); Abbreviations; DM, diabetes mellitus; CAD, coronary arterial disease; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; tCO2, total CO2; CA-AKI, contrast-associated acute kidney injury.
Hypochloremia; chloride level less than 98 mEq/L at baseline; Normochloremia; chloride level between 98 to 110 mEq/L at baseline; Hyperchloremia; chloride level over 110 mEq/L at baseline.