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. 2017 Dec 12;7:17406. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17720-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Induction of CD38 homodimerization does not phenotypically affect RA-induced differentiation. (A) HL-60 cells were cultured for 24 h with 1 μM RA as indicated and membrane CD38 was analysed using flow cytometry. Gating to discriminate positive cells was set to exclude 95% of untreated controls. 1 μM F-araNAD⁺ or dF-araNAD⁺ was added at 8 or 24 h as indicated. (B) Membrane CD11b was analysed using flow cytometry at 24, 48, and 72 h. (C) Cell density was measured at 24, 48, and 72 h using a haemocytometer and 0.2% Trypan Blue exclusion staining. (D–F) Cell cycle distribution, showing the percentage of cells in G₁/G₀, S, G₂/M, was analysed using flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining at 24, 48, and 72 h. Error bars indicate SEM.