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. 2017 Dec 12;7:17416. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17565-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines peaks during menstruation in the human endometrium. mRNA levels of (a) CCL2, (b) CXCL8, (c) IL6 and (d) TNF determined by RT-qPCR and normalised to ATP5B mRNA levels. Data were analysed by ΔΔC_q method. Results are presented as mean ± SEM, with results consistent across three technical replicates. Significance determined by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.