Table 2.
Pairwise correlations (with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). (Germany, in 2014)
| Use of cancer screening (Ref.: no) | Female (Ref.: Male) | Age | Retired (Ref.: Working) | Not employed | Married, living together with spouse | Monthly net equivalence income in Euro | East Germany (Ref.: West Germany) | Sports at least once a week (Ref.: Sports less than once a week) | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Current smoker (Ref.: No) | Daily alcohol consumption (Ref.: Less than daily alcohol consumption) | Number of physical diseases | Self‐rated health | Loneliness | Cognitive well‐being | Positive affect | Negative affect | Optimism | Self‐efficacy | Self‐esteem | Self‐regulation | Perceived autonomy | Perceived stress | Perceived social exclusion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use of cancer screening (Ref.: no) | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Female (Ref.: Male) | 0.16*** | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Age | −0.01 | −0.09*** | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retired (Ref.: Working) | −0.01 | −0.09*** | 0.78*** | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Not employed | −0.02 | 0.11*** | −0.13*** | −0.34*** | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Married, living together with spouse | 0.10*** | −0.14*** | −0.02 | −0.02 | −0.02 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Monthly net equivalence income in Euro | 0.04 | −0.05* | −0.09*** | −0.13*** | −0.07*** | 0.09*** | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
| East Germany (Ref.: West Germany) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | −0.01 | −0.02 | −0.19*** | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sports at least once a week (Ref.: Sports less than once a week) | 0.12*** | 0.10*** | −0.07*** | −0.03 | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.15*** | −0.11*** | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||||
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | −0.02 | −0.10*** | 0.03 | 0.05** | 0.02 | 0.02 | −0.11*** | 0.09*** | −0.18*** | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||
| Current smoker (Ref.: No) | −0.09*** | −0.03 | −0.25*** | −0.20*** | 0.10*** | −0.11*** | −0.04 | −0.01 | −0.15*** | −0.03 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||
| Daily alcohol consumption (Ref.: Less than daily alcohol consumption) | −0.04+ | −0.19*** | 0.08*** | 0.08*** | −0.04* | 0.04 | 0.07*** | −0.04 | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.02 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||
| Number of physical diseases | 0.02 | −0.04+ | 0.35*** | 0.29*** | −0.01 | −0.06*** | −0.14*** | 0.03 | −0.13*** | 0.21*** | −0.06*** | 0.02 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
| Self‐rated health | −0.02 | −0.02 | 0.13*** | 0.13*** | 0.04 | −0.04 | −0.15*** | 0.06*** | −0.20*** | 0.22*** | 0.04 | −0.01 | 0.43*** | 1.00 | |||||||||||
| Loneliness 28 | −0.08*** | −0.08*** | −0.06** | −0.02 | 0.05* | −0.11*** | −0.09*** | −0.08*** | −0.06*** | 0.04 | 0.06*** | 0.01 | 0.17*** | 0.20*** | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Cognitive well‐being (SWLS 27) | 0.09*** | 0.03 | 0.11*** | 0.06*** | −0.12*** | 0.19*** | 0.18*** | −0.01 | 0.10*** | −0.06*** | −0.12*** | 0.01 | −0.20*** | −0.32*** | −0.49*** | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Positive affect (PANAS 24) | 0.09*** | 0.06*** | −0.11*** | −0.09*** | −0.04 | 0.05* | 0.15*** | −0.01 | 0.16*** | −0.08*** | −0.01 | −0.00 | −0.24*** | −0.33*** | −0.40*** | 0.47*** | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Negative affect (PANAS 24) | 0.02 | 0.14*** | −0.17*** | −0.12*** | 0.06*** | −0.03 | −0.07*** | −0.09*** | −0.01 | −0.00 | 0.06** | −0.01 | 0.18*** | 0.22*** | 0.43*** | −0.41*** | −0.31*** | 1.00 | |||||||
| Optimism 31 | 0.06*** | 0.01 | −0.13*** | −0.12*** | −0.05** | 0.09*** | 0.16*** | −0.04+ | 0.13*** | −0.06*** | −0.04 | −0.01 | −0.30*** | −0.39*** | −0.45*** | 0.61*** | 0.57*** | −0.39*** | 1.00 | ||||||
| Self‐efficacy 38 | 0.03 | −0.01 | −0.06*** | −0.06*** | −0.04 | 0.03 | 0.12*** | −0.00 | 0.05* | −0.02 | 0.00 | −0.00 | −0.21*** | −0.25*** | −0.36*** | 0.48*** | 0.53*** | −0.38*** | 0.58*** | 1.00 | |||||
| Self‐esteem 37 | 0.08*** | 0.04 | −0.04 | −0.05** | −0.07*** | 0.07*** | 0.15*** | 0.01 | 0.10*** | −0.08*** | −0.04 | −0.00 | −0.25*** | −0.29*** | −0.53*** | 0.54*** | 0.60*** | −0.52*** | 0.61*** | 0.61*** | 1.00 | ||||
| Self‐regulation 36 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04+ | −0.04+ | −0.00 | 0.03 | 0.08*** | 0.04 | −0.00 | −0.03 | −0.02 | −0.11*** | −0.13*** | −0.29*** | 0.37*** | 0.42*** | −0.22*** | 0.38*** | 0.47*** | 0.39*** | 1.00 | |||
| Perceived autonomy 33 | 0.04 | 0.13*** | −0.08*** | −0.07*** | −0.00 | −0.13*** | 0.09*** | 0.01 | 0.08*** | −0.07*** | 0.02 | −0.02 | −0.20*** | −0.23*** | −0.21*** | 0.25*** | 0.31*** | −0.23*** | 0.31*** | 0.40*** | 0.37*** | 0.32*** | 1.00 | ||
| Perceived stress 34 | −0.04+ | 0.06*** | −0.03 | −0.03 | 0.05* | −0.08*** | −0.16*** | −0.00 | −0.12*** | 0.07*** | 0.07*** | −0.04+ | 0.24*** | 0.33*** | 0.45*** | −0.45*** | −0.50*** | 0.51*** | −0.52*** | −0.45*** | −0.52*** | −0.29*** | −0.28*** | 1.00 | |
| Perceived social exclusion 32 | −0.05** | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.10*** | −0.09*** | −0.17*** | 0.05** | −0.10*** | 0.06*** | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.22*** | 0.24*** | 0.50*** | −0.42*** | −0.41*** | 0.41*** | −0.48*** | −0.39*** | −0.60*** | −0.22*** | −0.26*** | 0.42*** | 1.00 |
| Observations | 6961 |
***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, + P < 0.10.