Table 3.
Predictors of the use of cancer screening (0 = no; 1 = yes). Results of multiple logistic regressions. (Germany, in 2014)
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer screening | Cancer screening | Cancer screening | Cancer screening | Cancer screening | Cancer screening | Cancer screening | Cancer screening | Cancer screening | Cancer screening | Cancer screening | |
| Female (Ref.: Male) | 2.087*** | 2.091*** | 2.102*** | 2.147*** | 2.126*** | 2.118*** | 2.097*** | 2.114*** | 2.094*** | 2.160*** | 2.133*** |
| (1.871–2.329) | (1.875–2.332) | (1.885–2.343) | (1.924–2.395) | (1.908–2.370) | (1.900–2.360) | (1.882–2.337) | (1.895–2.358) | (1.878–2.334) | (1.937–2.409) | (1.913–2.378) | |
| Age | 0.991* | 0.990* | 0.994 | 0.993+ | 0.993+ | 0.993+ | 0.991* | 0.991* | 0.992* | 0.992* | 0.992* |
| (0.983–0.999) | (0.982–0.998) | (0.986–1.001) | (0.985–1.000) | (0.985–1.000) | (0.985–1.000) | (0.984–0.999) | (0.983–0.999) | (0.984–1.000) | (0.984–1.000) | (0.984–0.999) | |
| Retired (Ref.: Working) | 1.082 | 1.083 | 1.055 | 1.063 | 1.070 | 1.055 | 1.075 | 1.060 | 1.064 | 1.053 | 1.084 |
| (0.904–1.295) | (0.905–1.296) | (0.882–1.263) | (0.888–1.271) | (0.895–1.279) | (0.882–1.261) | (0.899–1.285) | (0.886–1.269) | (0.890–1.272) | (0.880–1.260) | (0.906–1.298) | |
| Not employed | 0.851 | 0.866 | 0.839+ | 0.829+ | 0.848 | 0.836+ | 0.860 | 0.836+ | 0.837+ | 0.837+ | 0.866 |
| (0.696–1.042) | (0.708–1.059) | (0.686–1.025) | (0.679–1.013) | (0.694–1.036) | (0.685–1.022) | (0.703–1.051) | (0.683–1.022) | (0.685–1.023) | (0.684–1.024) | (0.708–1.060) | |
| Married, living together with spouse | 1.688*** | 1.653*** | 1.722*** | 1.740*** | 1.717*** | 1.735*** | 1.712*** | 1.741*** | 1.779*** | 1.716*** | 1.723*** |
| (1.506–1.892) | (1.474–1.854) | (1.538–1.929) | (1.555–1.948) | (1.534–1.922) | (1.550–1.941) | (1.529–1.916) | (1.554–1.951) | (1.588–1.992) | (1.532–1.922) | (1.539–1.930) | |
| Monthly net equivalence income in Euro | 1.000* | 1.000+ | 1.000+ | 1.000* | 1.000* | 1.000* | 1.000+ | 1.000* | 1.000* | 1.000* | 1.000* |
| (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.000) | |
| East Germany (Ref.: West Germany) | 1.121* | 1.132* | 1.128* | 1.134* | 1.141* | 1.141* | 1.130* | 1.142* | 1.133* | 1.136* | 1.148* |
| (1.001–1.256) | (1.012–1.266) | (1.008–1.262) | (1.013–1.269) | (1.020–1.276) | (1.021–1.276) | (1.011–1.264) | (1.020–1.279) | (1.014–1.267) | (1.015–1.272) | (1.026–1.284) | |
| Sports at least once a week (Ref.: Sports less than once a week) | 1.519*** | 1.499*** | 1.464*** | 1.501*** | 1.492*** | 1.505*** | 1.496*** | 1.509*** | 1.489*** | 1.507*** | 1.494*** |
| (1.363–1.693) | (1.345–1.670) | (1.313–1.632) | (1.347–1.672) | (1.340–1.663) | (1.351–1.677) | (1.343–1.666) | (1.354–1.683) | (1.337–1.659) | (1.352–1.680) | (1.341–1.665) | |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0.998 | 0.999 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0.996 | 0.998 | 0.997 | 0.997 |
| (0.985–1.009) | (0.985–1.009) | (0.986–1.010) | (0.987–1.011) | (0.985–1.009) | (0.985–1.009) | (0.985–1.009) | (0.984–1.008) | (0.986–1.010) | (0.985–1.009) | (0.985–1.009) | |
| Current smoker (Ref.: No) | 0.721*** | 0.733*** | 0.721*** | 0.727*** | 0.726*** | 0.717*** | 0.720*** | 0.719*** | 0.712*** | 0.720*** | 0.728*** |
| (0.628–0.827) | (0.639–0.842) | (0.628–0.828) | (0.634–0.835) | (0.632–0.833) | (0.625–0.823) | (0.628–0.827) | (0.626–0.826) | (0.621–0.817) | (0.627–0.826) | (0.635–0.836) | |
| Daily alcohol consumption (Ref.: Less than daily alcohol consumption) | 0.902 | 0.897 | 0.897 | 0.901 | 0.908 | 0.907 | 0.911 | 0.897 | 0.909 | 0.894 | 0.899 |
| (0.772–1.053) | (0.768–1.047) | (0.768–1.048) | (0.772–1.053) | (0.778–1.060) | (0.777–1.059) | (0.780–1.064) | (0.768–1.048) | (0.778–1.061) | (0.765–1.044) | (0.769–1.050) | |
| Number of physical diseases | 1.086*** | 1.084*** | 1.084*** | 1.077*** | 1.084*** | 1.079*** | 1.088*** | 1.076*** | 1.080*** | 1.086*** | 1.084*** |
| (1.050–1.122) | (1.049–1.121) | (1.049–1.120) | (1.042–1.114) | (1.049–1.121) | (1.044–1.115) | (1.053–1.125) | (1.041–1.112) | (1.045–1.115) | (1.051–1.123) | (1.049–1.121) | |
| Self‐rated health | 1.002 | 1.032 | 1.036 | 0.987 | 1.025 | 0.999 | 1.020 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 1.014 | 1.005 |
| (0.934–1.076) | (0.960–1.110) | (0.964–1.114) | (0.920–1.059) | (0.953–1.102) | (0.931–1.072) | (0.950–1.095) | (0.930–1.070) | (0.928–1.069) | (0.943–1.090) | (0.936–1.078) | |
| Loneliness 28 | 0.805*** | ||||||||||
| (0.729–0.889) | |||||||||||
| Cognitive well‐being (SWLS 27) | 1.208*** | ||||||||||
| (1.117–1.306) | |||||||||||
| Positive affect (PANAS 24) | 1.377*** | ||||||||||
| (1.239–1.531) | |||||||||||
| Negative affect (PANAS 24) | 0.961 | ||||||||||
| (0.864–1.068) | |||||||||||
| Optimism 31 | 1.229*** | ||||||||||
| (1.109–1.362) | |||||||||||
| Self‐efficacy 38 | 1.186** | ||||||||||
| (1.049–1.341) | |||||||||||
| Self‐esteem 37 | 1.429*** | ||||||||||
| (1.250–1.635) | |||||||||||
| Self‐regulation 36 | 1.157** | ||||||||||
| (1.044–1.283) | |||||||||||
| Perceived autonomy 33 | 1.159** | ||||||||||
| (1.045–1.284) | |||||||||||
| Perceived stress 34 | 0.864*** | ||||||||||
| (0.793–0.941) | |||||||||||
| Perceived social exclusion 32 | 0.844*** | ||||||||||
| (0.770–0.925) | |||||||||||
| Constant | 1.624 | 0.543+ | 0.273*** | 1.043 | 0.503* | 0.593 | 0.302** | 0.639 | 0.517+ | 1.395 | 1.575 |
| (0.858–3.072) | (0.286–1.030) | (0.133–0.562) | (0.541–2.009) | (0.254–0.995) | (0.293–1.202) | (0.143–0.636) | (0.313–1.303) | (0.240–1.111) | (0.746–2.611) | (0.826–3.004) | |
| Observations | 6875 | 6915 | 6909 | 6908 | 6949 | 6946 | 6961 | 6842 | 6947 | 6877 | 6900 |
| Pseudo R² | 0.051 | 0.050 | 0.052 | 0.048 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.049 | 0.050 | 0.049 |
Odds ratios were reported. 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, + P < 0.10.