Table 2.
Demographics and stroke characteristics of patients according to the presence of HARM.
| Variable | Total (n = 264) | HARM (+) (n = 67) |
HARM (−) (n = 197) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regional (n = 55) | Randomized (n = 12) | |||||
| Sex (n) | Male | 155 (58.71%) | 37 (66.07%) | 6 (50%) | 114 (57%) | 0.367 |
| Female | 109 (41.29%) | 19 (33.93%) | 6 (50%) | 86 (43%) | ||
| Age | Mean ± SD | 68.63 ± 11.14 | 68.88 ± 10.85 | 71.42 ± 14.82 | 68.44 ± 10.97 | 0.301 |
| Median | 70.50 | 71.00 | 74.00 | 70.00 | ||
| Risk factors (n) | ||||||
| HTN (n) | 186 | 40 | 8 | 140 | 0.971 | |
| DM (n) | 95 | 21 | 4 | 71 | 0.872 | |
| Dyslipidemia (n) | 176 | 39 | 7 | 130 | 0.727 | |
| Smoking (n) | 121 | 29 | 3 | 90 | 0.793 | |
| Stroke Hx (n) | 39 | 7 | 2 | 30 | 0.722 | |
| Large artery occlusion (n) | 75 | 26 | 4 | 45 | 0.0006 | |
| Reperfusion therapy (n) | 26 | 7 | 1 | 18 | 0.506 | |
| Time between symptom onset to MRI acquisition | Mean ± SD | 18 h and 07 min | 20 h and 33 min | 21 h and 24 min | 17 h and 14 min | 0.118 |
| Median | 12 h and 57 min | 13 h and 5 min | 15 h and 54 min | 12 h and 50 min | ||
| NIHSS at admission | Mean ± SD | 4.24 ± 3.98 | 4.15 ± 3.14 | 4.83 ± 3.87 | 4.23 ± 4.18 | 0.480 |
| Median | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | ||
| NIHSS at discharge | Mean ± SD | 3.30 ± 3.83 | 3.60 ± 4.10 | 4.75 ± 7.29 | 2.13 ± 3.40 | 0.006 |
| Median | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ||
| NIHSS changes (discharge − admission) | Mean ± SD | −0.94 ± 3.80 | −0.55 ± 3.83 | −0.08 ± 8.76 | −1.10 ± 3.23 | 0.053 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| mRS at discharge | Mean ± SD | 2.05 ± 1.31 | 2.13 ± 1.32 | 2.25 ± 1.59 | 2.01 ± 1.30 | 0.418 |
| Median | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
HARM, hyperintense acute reperfusion marker; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes; Hx, history; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; mRS, Modified Rankin scale.
Table shows the univariate associations between the demographics, stroke characteristics and the presence of HARM. There was statistically significant difference in NIHSS at discharge between HARM-positive and -negative groups. Except NIHSS at discharge, other clinical variables were similar and there were no statistically significant differences between the HARM-positive and -negative groups.