IpaH9.8 blocks GBP1 recruitment and GBP1-mediated inhibition of actin-based motility. (A) IFN-γ-primed HeLa and A549 cells were infected with the indicated S. flexneri strains at an MOI of 50 and at 3 hpi processed and analyzed for colocalization with endogenous GBP1. Data are combined from 3 independent experiments scoring 600 bacteria per experiment. One-way ANOVA was used to determine significance. (B) Experiments were conducted as described for panel A with the S. flexneri mutant strains, as listed. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the significance of combined data from 3 independent experiments. (C) IFN-γ-primed HeLa-Cas9 and derived GBP1KO cells were infected with the indicated S. flexneri mutant strains. Representative images of plaques are shown. Combined data from 3 independent experiments are depicted. Error bars indicate SD. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine significance. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; n.s., nonsignificant.