Figure 6.

Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-encoded cytokines are produced and secreted by cancer cells. Baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were infected with either SFV-Ifng or SFV-Tnfa at MOI = 1, MOI = 10, or MOI = 40 (determined using BHK-21 cells). The level of secreted (A) TNF-α or (B) interferon (IFN)-γ in the cell culture medium was determined using Luminex bead-based assay at 24 h after infection and is shown on the y-axis. The cytokines were undetectable in both the negative controls of non-infected cells and the cultures that were infected with a mismatched SFV that did not encode the cytokine of interest. N.D.—not detectable. Two independent experiments were performed in duplicates. Data from one representative experiment is shown. The bars represent the mean values of duplicates ± SEM.