Table A7.
Summary of three child health outcomes and 17 child health interventions with 95% CI, most recent survey data for 88 countries, weighted by population size.
| Difference in Q5 – Q1 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of countries | Overall value | Q1 | Q5 | Mean | IQR | Bottom decile (10%) | Top decile (10%) | |
| Child health outcomes | ||||||||
| Infant mortality per 1,000 live births | 52 | 55.8 [51.3, 60.3] | 71.5 [66.3, 76.7] | 34.4 [30.7, 38.0] | −37.1 [−41.0, −33.2] | 21.1 | −47.8 [−51.7, −43.8] | −13.8 [−17.7, −9.9] |
| Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births | 52 | 77.3 [69.2, 85.4] | 106. [96.4, 116.] | 43.4 [37.7, 49.1] | −62.7 [−69.7, −55.8] | 34.0 | −77.3 [−84.2, −70.3] | −23.0 [−29.9, −16.0] |
| Stunting prevalence (%) | 80 | 38.1% [35.7, 40.6] | 50.2% [47.2, 53.3] | 21.6% [19.9, 23.4] | −28.5% [−30.7, −26.4] | 13.8% | −35.7% [−37.8, −33.5] | −12.9% [−15.0, −10.7] |
| Child health interventions | ||||||||
| Access to improved sanitation (%) | 83 | 52.6% [47.2, 58.1] | 24.7% [18.0, 31.4] | 86.7% [83.4, 89.9] | 61.9% [56.2, 67.7] | 60.1% | 16.6% [10.8, 22.3] | 82.7% [77.0, 88.5] |
| Access to improved water (%) | 83 | 79.1% [75.6, 82.6] | 65.4% [60.4, 70.5] | 91.9% [90.3, 93.5] | 26.4% [22.3, 30.5] | 33.9% | 10.8% [6.78, 14.9] | 55.4% [51.3, 59.5] |
| Skilled birth attendant (%) | 88 | 62.1% [57.9, 66.3] | 37.2% [31.5, 42.8] | 90.1% [88.1, 92.1] | 52.9% [48.4, 57.5] | 42.7% | 17.8% [13.2, 22.3] | 68.8% [64.2, 73.3] |
| Four or more antenatal care visits (%) | 64 | 49.1% [44.4, 53.9] | 27.6% [21.6, 33.6] | 76.8% [73.3, 80.2] | 49.1% [44.2, 54.0] | 30.1% | 21.6% [16.7, 26.5] | 65.8% [60.8, 70.7] |
| One or more antenatal care visits (%) | 88 | 80.6% [77.5, 83.6] | 63.1% [58.4, 67.9] | 96.0% [94.8, 97.1] | 32.8% [28.7, 36.9] | 27.2% | 5.6% [1.5, 9.7] | 52.1% [47.9, 56.2] |
| Family planning need satisfied (%) | 61 | 71.8% [67.3, 76.4] | 61.2% [55.6, 66.8] | 82.1% [79.2, 85.0] | 20.8% [16.9, 24.7] | 22.1% | 3.1% [−0.8, 7.0] | 42.7% [38.7, 46.6] |
| Composite coverage index (%) | 38 | 65.1% [61.5, 68.7] | 49.9% [45.6, 54.2] | 80.6% [79.0, 82.2] | 30.7% [27.0, 34.4] | 16.6% | 14.8% [11.0, 18.5] | 40.7% [36.9, 44.4] |
| DPT immunization (%) | 87 | 66.6% [63.0, 70.1] | 48.6% [43.3, 53.9] | 83.7% [81.7, 85.8] | 35.1% [30.7, 39.5] | 23.1% | 5.2% [0.8, 9.7] | 58.1% [53.6, 62.5] |
| Measles immunization (%) | 87 | 69.6% [66.6, 72.6] | 53.6% [49.1, 58.1] | 85.5% [83.9, 87.2] | 31.9% [28.1, 35.8] | 22.8% | 6.4% [2.6, 10.2] | 47.7% [43.8, 51.5] |
| BCG immunization (%) | 85 | 84.1% [81.5, 86.7] | 71.8% [67.6, 76.0] | 95.4% [94.3, 96.4] | 23.5% [19.7, 27.3] | 20.1% | 1.8% [−1.9, 5.6] | 31.6% [27.8, 35.3] |
| Polio immunization (%) | 87 | 77.0% [74.4, 79.7] | 68.3% [65.3, 71.3] | 84.5% [82.5, 86.6] | 16.2% [14.3, 18.1] | 17.8% | 2.4% [0.5, 4.3] | 25.9% [24.0, 27.7] |
| Full immunization (%) | 84 | 55.0% [51.1, 58.9] | 38.5% [33.4, 43.7] | 72.1% [69.4, 74.7] | 33.5% [29.5, 37.4] | 20.9% | 3.3% [−0.6, 7.2] | 52.0% [48.0, 55.9] |
| ORT for diarrhea (%) | 85 | 37.8% [34.2, 41.4] | 31.1% [27.1, 35.1] | 46.3% [43.4, 49.3] | 15.2% [12.2, 18.1] | 16.3% | −5.0% [−7.9, −2.0] | 24.5% [21.5, 27.4] |
| Care seeking for diarrhea (%) | 86 | 68.3% [65.3, 71.2] | 59.6% [56.4, 62.8] | 76.4% [73.5, 79.3] | 16.8% [14.3, 19.3] | 18.8% | 3.3% [0.8, 5.8] | 24.4% [21.9, 26.9] |
| Care seeking for suspected pneumonia (%) | 87 | 64.3% [59.8, 68.9] | 55.1% [50.5, 59.6] | 73.6% [70.1, 77.0] | 18.4% [15.7, 21.1] | 22.3% | 6.6% [3.9, 9.3] | 36.4% [33.6, 39.1] |
| Vitamin A supplement (%) | 64 | 40.2% [33.7, 46.6] | 34.7% [28.7, 40.8] | 45.2% [38.6, 51.7] | 10.4% [7.51, 13.3] | 17.9% | 2.4% [−0.5, 5.3] | 24.5% [21.5, 27.4] |
| ITN for children (%) | 38 | 37.3% [30.5, 44.0] | 33.4% [26.9, 39.9] | 38.2% [31.5, 44.8] | 4.8% [1.3, 8.3] | 16.1% | −2.2% [−5.6, 1.3] | 22.1% [18.6, 25.5] |
We took two steps to generate the mean estimate and the 95% confidence intervals for each indicator. First, for each country with available data, we calculated the point estimates of all indexes (overall value, Q1, Q5, difference between Q5 and Q1, concentration index, and ratio of Q5 to Q1) following the method of O’Donnell et al. (O’Donnell O, Wagstaff A. Analyzing health equity using household survey data: a guide to techniques and their implementation. World Bank Publications, 2007) Second, we treated each country as a subject to calculate the mean values and weighted them according to their population size. Then we generated standard errors for the point estimates and calculated 95% CI based on the point estimate and the standard errors.