Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants.
| Variable | AF patients with CES (n = 479) | AF patients without CES (n = 580) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.18 ± 5.26 | 65.11 ± 5.67 | 0.834 |
| Female, n (%) | 53(11.1%) | 72(12.4%) | 0.498 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.49 ± 2.85 | 23.33 ± 2.90 | 0.372 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 177(37.0%) | 210(36.2%) | 0.802 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 161(33.6%) | 189(32.6%) | 0.724 |
| Non-paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 232(48.4%) | 275(47.4%) | 0.741 |
| History of AF (IQR, months) | 33(26–36) | 31(26–35.5) | 0.376 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 100(20.9%) | 68(11.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 29(6.1%) | 32(5.5%) | 0.709 |
| Vascular disease, n (%) | 19(3.8%) | 18(3.3%) | 0.671 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 8(1.6%) | 8(1.3%) | 0.699 |
| CHA2DS2-VaSc score | 0.94 ± 0.24 | 0.87 ± 0.34 | < 0.001 |
| 0 | 29(6.0%) | 77(13.3%) | |
| 1 | 450(94.0%) | 503(86.7%) | |
| LVEF (%) | 60.77 ± 5.31 | 60.87 ± 5.10 | 0.751 |
| LAD (mm) | 38.26 ± 4.90 | 38.54 ± 4.72 | 0.015 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 3.08 ± 0.53 | 2.99 ± 0.55 | 0.009 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.36 ± 0.27 | 1.37 ± 0.32 | 0.559 |
| Fibrigen (mg/dl) | 3.07 ± 0.38 | 3.00 ± 0.31 | 0.003 |
| Platelet count (109/l) | 205 ± 36 | 203 ± 35 | 0.488 |
| D-dimer (mg/dl) | 0.31 ± 0.07 | 0.30 ± 0.08 | 0.320 |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | 3.92 ± 5.06 | 3.11 ± 5.26 | 0.011 |
| Antiplatelet therapy, n (%) | 226(47.2%) | 267(46.0%) | 0.710 |
AF: atrial fibrillation; CES: cardioembolic stroke; BMI: body mass index; LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction; LAD: left atrial diameter; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein.