Figure 2.

DDR2 overexpression induces EMT, and promotes migration and invasion of TPC-1 cells. (A) TPC-1 was transduced with lentivirus carrying the DDR2-expressing plasmid. The overexpression efficiency was verified using (A) RT-qPCR and (B) western blotting. (C) The relative mRNA changes of E-cadherin were detected by RT-qPCR in TPC-1 cells transfected with DDR2 vector or control vector. (D) The relative mRNA changes of Vimentin were detected by RT-qPCR in TPC-1 cells transfected with DDR2 vector or control vector. (E) Western blotting results of E-cadherin and Vimentin in TPC-1 cells transfected with DDR2 vector or control vector. (F) TPC-1 cells were transfected with DDR2 vector or control vector and were incubated in serum-free medium for 48 h. The cell migration capacity was examined using a wound healing assay. The percentage of the cell-free area was quantified and labeled. (G) TPC-1 cells were transfected with DDR2 vector or control vector. The cell migration and invasion capacities were measured using a Transwell assay. (H) Quantification of cells that migrated or invaded to the opposite membrane of Transwell chamber. *P<0.05; **P<0.01. RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; DDR2, discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2; E-cad, E-cadherin.