Table 1.
Clinical and pathological parameters and their distribution in the entire cohort of cHL patients and according to high and low expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment
| Entire cohort, (%) | High PD-1, ≥10%* | Low PD-1, <10%* | P value† | High PD-L1, ≥5%* | Low PD-L1, <5%* | P value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | 387 (100) | 57 (100) | 330 (100) | 280 (100) | 102 (100) | ||
| Age, y | .07 | .27 | |||||
| ≥45 | 136 (35) | 26 (46) | 110 (33) | 102 (36) | 31 (30) | ||
| <45 | 251 (65) | 31 (54) | 220 (67) | 178 (64) | 71 (70) | ||
| Stage | .17 | .34 | |||||
| IA-IIA | 178 (46) | 31 (54) | 147 (45) | 124 (44) | 51 (50) | ||
| IIB-IVB | 208 (54) | 26 (46) | 182 (55) | 155 (56) | 51 (50) | ||
| Missing | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Sex | .55 | .21 | |||||
| Male | 214 (55) | 31 (54) | 183 (55) | 160 (57) | 51 (50) | ||
| Female | 173 (45) | 26 (46) | 147 (45) | 120 (43) | 51 (50) | ||
| Histologic subtype | .70 | .03 | |||||
| Nodular sclerosis | 313 (81) | 47 (82) | 266 (81) | 219 (78) | 90 (88) | ||
| Mixed cellularity | 65 (17) | 8 (14) | 57 (17) | 55 (20) | 9 (9) | ||
| Lymphocyte rich + lymphocyte depleted + unclassifiable cHL | 9 (2) | 2 (4) | 7 (2) | 6 (2) | 3 (3) | ||
| EBV+ | .55 | .007 | |||||
| Yes | 116 (30) | 15 (26) | 101 (31) | 94 (34) | 20 (20) | ||
| No | 269 (69) | 41 (72) | 228 (69) | 184 (66) | 82 (80) | ||
| Missing | 2 (1) | 1 (2) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| WBC count >15 × 109/L | .27 | .99 | |||||
| Yes | 46 (12) | 4 (7) | 42 (13) | 34 (12) | 12 (12) | ||
| No | 332 (86) | 52 (91) | 280 (85) | 242 (86) | 85 (83) | ||
| Missing | 9 (2) | 1 (2) | 8 (2) | 4 (2) | 5 (5) | ||
| Hemoglobin <105 g/L | .61 | <.001 | |||||
| Yes | 46 (12) | 8 (14) | 38 (12) | 41 (15) | 4 (4) | ||
| No | 331 (86) | 48 (84) | 283 (86) | 234 (84) | 93 (91) | ||
| Missing | 10 (2) | 1 (2) | 9 (2) | 5 (1) | 5 (5) | ||
| Albumin <40 g/L | .64 | .03 | |||||
| Yes | 126 (33) | 17 (30) | 109 (33) | 101 (36) | 23 (23) | ||
| No | 215 (56) | 33 (58) | 182 (55) | 150 (54) | 63 (61) | ||
| Missing | 46 (12) | 7 (12) | 39 (12) | 29 (10) | 16 (16) | ||
| ESR ≥50 mm/h | .07 | .37 | |||||
| Yes | 113 (29) | 11 (19) | 102 (31) | 86 (31) | 25 (25) | ||
| No | 205 (53) | 35 (62) | 170 (52) | 148 (53) | 55 (53) | ||
| Missing | 69 (18) | 11 (19) | 58 (18) | 46 (16) | 22 (22) | ||
| Lymphocyte count <0.6 × 109/L | 1.00 | .02 | |||||
| Yes | 17 (4) | 2 (4) | 15 (5) | 16 (6) | 1 (1) | ||
| No | 333 (86) | 51 (89) | 282 (85) | 239 (85) | 89 (87) | ||
| Missing | 37 (10) | 4 (7) | 33 (10) | 25 (9) | 12 (12) | ||
| Bulky tumor, diameter ≥10 cm | .76 | .007 | |||||
| Yes | 105 (28) | 14 (25) | 91 (28) | 86 (31) | 17 (17) | ||
| No | 261 (67) | 38 (66) | 223 (67) | 180 (64) | 78 (76) | ||
| Missing | 21 (5) | 5 (9) | 16 (5) | 14 (5) | 7 (7) | ||
| B symptoms | .11 | .02 | |||||
| Yes | 186 (48) | 22 (39) | 164 (50) | 145 (52) | 39 (38) | ||
| No | 199 (51) | 35 (61) | 164 (50) | 134 (48) | 62 (61) | ||
| Missing | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (1) | ||
| Extranodal involvement | 1.00 | .95 | |||||
| Yes | 23 (6) | 3 (5) | 20 (6) | 16 (6) | 6 (6) | ||
| No | 361 (93) | 54 (95) | 307 (93) | 262 (94) | 95 (93) | ||
| Missing | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 2 (0) | 1 (1) | ||
| Bone marrow involvement | .09 | .56 | |||||
| Yes | 6 (2) | 2 (4) | 4 (1) | 6 (2) | 0 (0) | ||
| No | 103 (27) | 8 (14) | 95 (29) | 83 (30) | 19 (19) | ||
| Missing | 278 (71) | 47 (82) | 231 (70) | 191 (68) | 83 (81) | ||
| Country | .07 | .02 | |||||
| Denmark | 259 (69) | 44 (77) | 215 (70) | 178 (64) | 78 (76) | ||
| Sweden | 128 (31) | 13 (23) | 115 (30) | 102 (36) | 24 (24) | ||
| IPS | .55 | .006 | |||||
| ≥3 | 91 (24) | 13 (23) | 78 (24) | 75 (27) | 15 (15) | ||
| <3 | 223 (58) | 38 (67) | 185 (56) | 149 (53) | 70 (69) | ||
| Missing | 73 (18) | 6 (10) | 67 (20) | 56 (20) | 17 (16) | ||
| IPS‡ | .25 | .03 | |||||
| ≥3 | 71 (34) | 12 (46) | 59 (32) | 59 (38) | 11 (22) | ||
| <3 | 118 (57) | 13 (50) | 105 (58) | 82 (53) | 35 (69) | ||
| Missing | 19 (9) | 1 (4) | 18 (10) | 14 (9) | 5 (9) | ||
| Treatment | .15 | .18 | |||||
| ABVD | 311 (80) | 45 (79) | 266 (81) | 217 (78) | 90 (88) | ||
| BEACOPP | 33 (8) | 3 (5) | 30 (9) | 27 (10) | 5 (5) | ||
| MOPP/ABV | 8 (2) | 0 (0) | 8 (2) | 7 (3) | 1 (1) | ||
| CHOP | 7 (2) | 1 (2) | 6 (2) | 6 (2) | 1 (1) | ||
| Radiotherapy only | 22 (6) | 7 (12) | 15 (5) | 17 (5) | 5 (5) | ||
| Other or unknown chemotherapy | 6 (2) | 1 (2) | 5 (1) | 6 (2) | 0 (0) |
Boldface font indicates statistical significance (P < .05).
ABVD, doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine; BEACOPP, bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone; CHOP, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone; MOPP/ABV, mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone/adriamycin, bleomycin, and vinblastine.
*
Proportion of positive leukocytes.
†
χ2 or Fisher's exact test for low vs high PD-1 or PD-L1; missing cases not included.
‡
Only patients with advanced stage disease.