Table 2.
Sociodemographic characteristics and mean waist circumference and prevalence of abdominal obesity in men (n = 5782) and women (n = 6788) by sociodemographic variables in the study
| Variables | Percentage (%) | Mean waist circumference (SE) | Abdominal obesity prevalence (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | p * | Men | p ** | Women | p ** | Men | p *** | Women | p *** | |
| Age (years) | |||||||||||
| 50–59 | 43.1 | 40.7 | 0.036 | 76.8 (0.18) | < 0.001 | 77.2 (0.2) | < 0.001 | 9.1 | < 0.001 | 36.9 | < 0.001 |
| 60–69 | 26.9 | 28.5 | 74.7 (0.21) | 75.2 (0.23) | 4.8 | 30.3 | |||||
| 70–79 | 22.1 | 23.0 | 73.0 (0.22) | 73.1 (0.24) | 3.7 | 21.5 | |||||
| 80+ | 7.9 | 7.8 | 72.7 (0.36) | 72.4 (0.40) | 2.2 | 19.1 | |||||
| Education | |||||||||||
| No formal education | 10.6 | 31.1 | < 0.001 | 72.5 (0.26) | < 0.001 | 72.9 (0.20) | < 0.001 | 1.3 | < 0.001 | 20.6 | < 0.001 |
| ≤ 6 years | 64.9 | 56.8 | 73.9 (0.12) | 75.3 (0.16) | 3.4 | 30.3 | |||||
| > 6 years | 24.5 | 12.1 | 79.3 (0.26) | 81.3 (0.39) | 15.6 | 53.3 | |||||
| Occupation | |||||||||||
| Non-physical labour | 10.1 | 9.7 | < 0.001 | 80.8 (0.43) | < 0.001 | 79.0 (0.42) | < 0.001 | 19.8 | < 0.001 | 44.1 | < 0.001 |
| No occupation | 16.0 | 40.9 | 76.6 (0.34) | 76.0 (0.21) | 11.2 | 33.1 | |||||
| Physical labour | 73.9 | 49.4 | 73.9 (0.11) | 74.0 (0.16) | 3.3 | 24.8 | |||||
| Marital status | |||||||||||
| Single/widowed | 12.7 | 40.4 | < 0.001 | 73.2 (0.29) | < 0.001 | 74.2 (0.19) | < 0.001 | 3.4 | 0.001 | 25.6 | < 0.001 |
| Partnership | 87.3 | 59.6 | 75.3 (0.12) | 76.0 (0.16) | 6.6 | 33.1 | |||||
| Residences | |||||||||||
| Coastal | 49.8 | 49.8 | 0.119 | 75.2 (0.16) | < 0.001 | 75.7 (0.17) | < 0.001 | 6.5 | < 0.001 | 31.4 | < 0.001 |
| Inland | 23.9 | 25.2 | 76.2 (0.24) | 76.3 (0.26) | 9.2 | 35.4 | |||||
| Hilly & mountainous | 26.3 | 25.0 | 73.7 (0.19) | 73.4 (0.23) | 2.9 | 22.0 | |||||
| Wealth index (quintiles) | |||||||||||
| 1st (poorest) | 18.6 | 21.3 | 0.001 | 72.3 (0.21) | < 0.001 | 71.7 (0.23) | < 0.001 | 0.9 | < 0.001 | 16.7 | < 0.001 |
| 2nd | 19.5 | 20.2 | 73.3 (0.21) | 74.1 (0.26) | 2.1 | 24.4 | |||||
| 3rd | 20.0 | 19.6 | 74.4 (0.23) | 75.7 (0.28) | 4.9 | 32.4 | |||||
| 4th | 21.1 | 19.4 | 75.8 (0.25) | 76.2 (0.29) | 7.1 | 34.6 | |||||
| 5th (richest) | 20.8 | 19.5 | 79.2 (0.28) | 79.2 (0.29) | 15.0 | 43.8 | |||||
| Smoking status | |||||||||||
| Non-current smoker | 25.0 | 96.8 | < 0.001 | 77.1 (0.25) | < 0.001 | 75.4 (0.12) | < 0.001 | 11.2 | < 0.001 | 30.6 | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker | 75.0 | 3.2 | 74.3 (0.12) | 70.1 (0.63) | 4.5 | 15.3 | |||||
| Self-reported chronic disease | |||||||||||
| No | 77.9 | 70.7 | < 0.001 | 74.7 (0.12) | < 0.001 | 74.7 (0.14) | < 0.001 | 5.1 | < 0.001 | 27.9 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 22.1 | 29.3 | 76.2 (0.26) | 76.7 (0.24) | 9.9 | 35.3 | |||||
| Total | 75.0 (0.11) | 75.3 (0.12) | 0.17 | 6.2 | 30.1 | < 0.001 | |||||
SE = standard error; p * = p-value for chi-2 test of difference between men and women; p ** = p-value for ANOVA test of difference within sex group; p *** = p-value for chi2 test of difference within sex group