Table 3.

Summary of the proposed effects of distinct cytokines on the severity of neonatal asphyxia

	Pro-inflammatory	Anti-inflammatory
Contribution to better outcome	IL-1β: rapid decrease, higher initial prevalence, and extravasation in severe insult G-CSF: rapid decrease in moderate insult, higher plasma levels in severe insult	TGF-β: increased production and extravasation in moderate insult IDO: early compensation up to 1 week
Contribution to worse outcome	TNF-α: elevated intracellular levels up to 1 month IL-17: high prevalence in severe insult up to 1 month IL-6: higher plasma levels in severe insult at 1 week, decrease in moderate insult by 1 month	Treg: unremarkable difference at 24 h, not upregulated