Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Sample
| Diabetes Mellitus | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1DM N=2240 |
T2DM N=1768 |
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| Median (25 percentile, 75th percentile) | Median (25th percentile, 75th percentile | |||
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| Age at initial diabetes diagnosis (years) | 12 | (8,15) | 18 | (16, 21) |
| Years of follow-up after initial diabetes diagnosis | 3.2 | (1.8, 5.4) | 3.1 | (1.9, 4.9) |
| HbA1ca | 6.6 | (5.6, 8.1) | 5.6 | (5.4, 6.4) |
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| N | % | N | % | |
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| Female | 1066 | 47.6% | 1468 | 83.0% |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1907 | 85.1% | 1278 | 72.3% |
| Black | 157 | 7.0% | 206 | 11.7% |
| Latino | 131 | 5.9% | 214 | 12.1% |
| Asian | 45 | 2.1% | 70 | 4.0% |
| Household Net Worth | ||||
| <$25,000 | 227 | 10.1% | 350 | 15.4% |
| $25,000–$149,999 | 490 | 7.5% | 411 | 10.8% |
| $150,000–$249,999 | 359 | 11.2% | 235 | 12.0% |
| $250,000–$499,999 | 641 | 51.9% | 403 | 43.8% |
| ≥$500,000 | 523 | 19.3% | 369 | 18.1% |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | 451 | 20.1% | 127 | 7.2% |
| Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | 12 | 0.5% | 1 | 0.1% |
| Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | 21 | 1.0% | 6 | 0.3% |
| Diabetic Macular Edemab | 5 | 0.2% | 0 | 0.0% |
| Nonspecific diabetic retinopathy | 418 | 18.7% | 120 | 6.8% |
T1DM=Type 1 diabetes mellitus. T2DM = Type 2 diabetes mellitus. HbA1c = Glycosylated hemoglobin
a
HbA1c was available only for a subset of patients (N=594 for T1DM, N=389 for T2DM)
b
Some patients with diabetic macular edema also had other codes for diabetic retinopathy