Table 1.
Patient Demographics, Admission Characteristics, and Opioids Prescribed
| Characteristic | Number (%) of all respondents (n = 343) | Number (%) of respondents reporting outcome* (n = 235) | Number (%) of respondents not reporting outcome (n = 108) | p - value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.86 | |||
| Male | 169 (49) | 115 (49) | 54 (50) | |
| Female | 174 (51) | 120 (51) | 54 (50) | |
| Race | 0.27 | |||
| White | 228 (67) | 164 (70) | 64 (59) | |
| Black or African American | 62 (18) | 40 (17) | 22 (20) | |
| Asian | 21 (6) | 13 (6) | 8 (7) | |
| Other | 32 (9) | 18 (8) | 14 (13) | |
| Age (years) | 11±5a | 11±5 | 11±5 | 0.82 |
| 1–2 | 30 (9) | 19 (8) | 11 (10) | |
| 3–7 | 68 (20) | 47 (20) | 21 (19) | |
| 8–14 | 140 (41) | 94 (40) | 46 (43) | |
| 15–21 | 105 (31) | 75 (32) | 30 (28) | |
| Number of families with siblings living at home | 0.048 0.23 |
|||
| All ages | 256 (75) | 168 (72) | 88 (81) | |
| Adolescents | 152 (44) | 99 (42) | 53 (49) | |
| Primary service | 0.38 | |||
| Cardiac surgery | 7 (2) | 5 (2) | 2 (2) | |
| Neurosurgery | 23 (7) | 19 (8) | 4 (4) | |
| General surgery | 44 (13) | 28 (12) | 16 (15) | |
| Urology | 51 (15) | 36 (15) | 15 (14) | |
| Plastic surgery | 48 (14) | 38 (16) | 10 (9) | |
| Orthopedic surgery | 157 (47) | 101 (43) | 56 (52) | |
| Posterior spinal fusion | 86 (55) | 54 (23) | 29 (27) | |
| Other surgical specialty | 7 (2) | 5 (2) | 2 (2) | |
| Medical | 6 (2) | 3 (1) | 3 (3) | |
| Hospital length of stay | 3 (2–5)b days | 3 (2–5) days | 4 (3–6) days | 0.018 |
| 0–2 days | 111 (32) | 87 (37) | 24 (22) | |
| 3–4 days | 124 (36) | 82 (35) | 42 (39) | |
| ≥ 5 days | 108 (31) | 66 (28) | 42 (39) | |
| Pain Score at Discharge | 0.35 | |||
| 0/10 | 171 (50) | 114 (49) | 57 (53) | |
| 1–4/10 | 107 (31) | 71 (30) | 36 33) | |
| ≥ 5/10 | 65 (19) | 50 (21) | 15 (14) | |
| Number of opioid prescriptions filled | 328 (96) | 226 (96) | 102 (94) | 0.70 |
| Opioid Prescribed | 0.37 | |||
| Oxycodone | 301 (88) | 204 (87) | 97 (90) | |
| Liquid | 155 (52) | 109 (53) | 46 (47) | |
| Tablet | 146 (48) | 95 (47) | 41 (53) | |
| Hydromorphone | 28 (8) | 23 (10) | 5 (5) | |
| Liquid | 2 (7) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| Tablet | 26 (93) | 22 (96) | 5 (100) | |
| Morphine IR | 11 (3) | 6 (3) | 5 (5) | |
| Liquid | 8 (73) | 3 (50) | 5 | |
| Tablet | 3 (27) | 3 (50) | 0 | |
| Morphine ER | 1 (< 1) | 1 (<1) | 0 | |
| Methadone | 2 (< 1) | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) |
*
Outcome is number of doses remaining
**
Comparing respondents reporting and not reporting outcome
a
Mean ± standard deviation
b
Median and interquartile ranges (25th – 75th percentile)