Table 1.
Sociodemographic data and variables significantly associated with lifetime DSH and SA
| Variables | All students (n=5879) |
Ever had DSH (n=1472) | Univariate logistic regression | Ever had SA (n=206) | Univariate logistic regression | No DSH history (n=4407) |
| n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) or mean (SD) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) or mean (SD) | |
| Female gender | 3335 (56.7) | 966 (65.6) | 1.64 (1.45 to 1.86)*** | 145 (70.4) | 2.05 (1.51 to 2.77)*** | 2369 (53.8) |
| School district | ||||||
| Urban | 2501 (42.5) | 551(37.4) | Referent | 86 (41.7) | Referent | 1950 (44.2) |
| Suburbs | 3005 (51.1) | 823 (55.9) | 1.34 (1.18 to 1.51)*** | 111 (53.9) | 1.15 (0.87 to 1.54) | 2182 (49.5) |
| Rural | 373 (0.3) | 98 (6.7) | 1.26 (0.98 to 1.62) | 9 (4.4) | 0.74 (0.37 to 1.49) | 275 (6.2) |
| Low school ranking† | 4155 (70.7) | 1152 (78.3) | 1.68 (1.47 to 1.93)*** | 191 (92.7) | 5.95 (3.51 to 10.11)*** | 3003 (68.1) |
| Father is employed | 5179 (88.1) | 1258 (85.5) | 0.73 (0.61 to 0.87)*** | 169 (82.0) | 0.57 (0.39 to 0.82)** | 3921 (89.0) |
| Mother is employed | 4197 (71.4) | 1080 (73.4) | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.30) | 148 (71.8) | 1.06 (0.77 to 1.44) | 3117 (70.7) |
| Not live with biological parents | 1055 (17.9) | 333 (22.6) | 1.49 (1.29 to 1.73)*** | 58 (28.2) | 2.00 (1.46 to 2.74)*** | 722 (16.4) |
| BIS-11 score | 60.1(8.5) | 62.9 (8.4) | 1.06 (1.05 to 1.07)*** | 64.2 (8.8) | 1.07 (1.06 to 1.09)*** | 59.1 (8.3) |
| Factor 1‡ | 19.9 (3.9) | 20.4 (3.9) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07)*** | 20.5 (4.1) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.10)** | 19.7 (3.9) |
| Factor 2§ | 24.5 (4.5) | 26.1 (4.6) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13)*** | 27.0 (4.7) | 1.16 (1.12 to 1.20)*** | 24.0 (4.3) |
| Factor 3¶ | 15.7 (3.0) | 16.4 (3.0) | 1.12 (1.09 to 1.15)*** | 16.6 (3.0) | 1.13 (1.08 to 1.19)*** | 15.4 (3.0) |
| With family discord | 558 (9.5) | 221 (15.0) | 2.13 (1.78 to 2.56)*** | 48 (23.3) | 3.67 (2.61 to 5.16)*** | 337 (7.6) |
| Current smoker | 226 (3.8) | 113 (7.7) | 3.16 (2.42 to 4.13)*** | 26 (12.6) | 5.49 (3.49 to 8.62)*** | 113 (2.6) |
| MDSS score | 20.8 (3.6) | 20.1 (3.6) | 0.93 (0.92 to 0.95)*** | 19.5 (3.6) | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92)*** | 21.1 (3.6) |
| PHQ-9 score | 5.7 (4.6) | 8.2 (5.5) | 1.16 (1.15 to 1.18)*** | 10.5 (5.7) | 1.24 (1.21 to 1.27)*** | 4.9 (4.0) |
| AUDIT-C score | 1.1 (1.9) | 0.9 (5.2) | 1.26 (1.23 to 1.30)*** | 2.1 (2.4) | 1.29 (1.22 to 1.36)*** | 1.8 (2.3) |
| RSES score | 28.3 (5.4) | 26.2 (5.5) | 0.91 (0.90 to 0.92)*** | 23.9 (5.4) | 0.84 (0.82 to 0.86)*** | 29.0 (5.2) |
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
†<70th percentile.
‡Inability to plan.
§Lack of self-control.
¶Novelty seeking.
AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption; BIS-11, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11; DSH, deliberate self-harm; MDSS, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item; RSES, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; SA, suicidal attempt.