TABLE 2.
Smoking habits of 1,208 Alaska Eskimos from the GOCADAN Study 2000–2004, by demographic group.
| Among All Participants | Among Ever-Smokers | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever Smoked n=974 (%) | Current Smoke n=721 (%) | Quit Smoking n=253 (%) | Age Began Smoking (mean) | Cigarettes/Day (mean) | Pack-years (mean) | % Who Quit | |
| All | 81 | 60 | 21 | 16.5 | 11.4 | 14.8 | 26 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Women | 79 | 57 | 22 | 16.8 | 10.0 | 12.5 | 28 |
| Men | 83 | 63 | 20 | 16.1* | 13.0* | 17.5* | 24* |
| Age (yrs) | |||||||
| 18–25 | 76 | 63 | 13 | 14.9‡ | 8.6 | 3.0 | 17 |
| 25–34 | 84 | 70 | 14 | 15.9 | 10.1 | 7.0 | 17 |
| 35–44 | 82 | 65 | 17 | 16.3 | 11.4 | 13.6 | 21 |
| 45–54 | 86 | 62 | 24 | 16.7 | 13.3 | 20.8 | 28 |
| 55–64 | 85 | 53 | 32 | 18.1 | 12.8 | 25.6 | 38 |
| 65–74 | 66 | 33 | 33 | 18.5 | 13.9 | 35.3 | 50 |
| 75+ | 57 | 14 | 43 | 20.3 | 12.1 | 26.9 | 75 |
| Education | |||||||
| < 12 years | 81 | 60** | 21 | 16.4 | 12.0 | 17.3 | 26 |
| 12 years | 85 | 67** | 18 | 16.3 | 11.6 | 14.4 | 21 |
| 13+ years | 71** | 41** | 29 | 17.2 | 10.2** | 12.9** | 41** |
| Household Income | |||||||
| $0–5,000 | 85† | 76 | 9 | 16.1 | 11.6 | 15.5 | 11† |
| $5,000–10,000 | 93 | 76 | 17 | 16.7 | 11.4 | 17 | 18 |
| $10,000–15,000 | 80 | 57 | 23 | 17.1 | 11.6 | 16.8 | 29 |
| $15,000–20,000 | 84 | 57 | 27 | 16.2 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 32 |
| $20,000–25,000 | 77 | 54 | 23 | 15.7 | 11.2 | 14.2 | 30 |
| $25,000–35,000 | 82 | 59 | 23 | 17.2 | 12.5 | 15.1 | 28 |
| $35,000–50,000 | 76 | 49 | 27 | 16.2 | 11.9 | 14.7 | 36 |
| $50,000+ | 68 | 37 | 31 | 17.0 | 10.8 | 14.1 | 46 |
| Physical Activity | |||||||
| Quartile 1 | 77 | 56 | 21 | 16.9 | 11.6 | 17.1 | 27 |
| Quartile 2 | 82 | 62 | 20 | 16.4 | 11.3 | 15.7 | 24 |
| Quartile 3 | 82 | 58 | 24 | 16.3 | 11.7 | 14.6 | 29 |
| Quartile 4 | 86 | 68 | 18 | 16.1 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 21 |
| Daily Caloric Intake (kcal) | |||||||
| Quartile 1 | 69 | 44 | 25 | 17.9 | 11.0 | 13.7 | 36 |
| Quartile 2 | 77 | 55 | 22 | 16.6 | 10.0 | 13.5 | 29 |
| Quartile 3 | 85 | 63 | 22 | 15.9 | 12.3 | 15.1 | 26 |
| Quartile 4 | 88 | 75 | 23 | 16.1 | 11.5 | 14.9 | 26 |
Difference between genders is significant, adjusting for age, village, education, income, and physical activity - all p ≤ 0.02
Difference between education categories is significant, adjusting for age, village, gender, income, and physical activity; all p < 0.02
Income, treated as an ordinal 8-category variable, was significant, adjusting for age, village, gender education, and physical activity all p < 0.0001.
p < 0.0001 for age category as a continuous variable. For analyses of smoking phenotypes other than age when smoking began, age was treated as a confounder rather than a demographic factor of interest, so significance is not reported for these analyses.