Table 3.
Relationship between solvent exposures and CES-D score (n=692)
| Linear regression results (log10-transformed CES-D score) | Logistic regression results (CES-D score of 16+ vs. <16) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||||
| Crude | Adjusteda | Crude | Adjustedb | |||||||
|
|
||||||||||
| Beta (SE) | p-value | p for trend | Beta (SE) | p-value | p for trend | OR (95% CI) | p for trend | OR (95% CI) | p for trend | |
| Any solvents | ||||||||||
| Ever vs. never | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.01 | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.04 | 1.90 (1.11, 3.27) | 1.79 (1.02, 3.13) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Never use | Ref. | 0.01 | Ref. | 0.03 | Ref. | 0.03 | Ref. | 0.05 | ||
| Short duration (1–36 years) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.12 | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.24 | 1.87 (0.97, 3.59) | 1.70 (0.86, 3.34) | ||||
| Long duration (>36 years) | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.01 | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.03 | 1.94 (1.01, 3.74) | 1.90 (0.95, 3.80) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Gasoline | ||||||||||
| Ever vs. never | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.01 | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.04 | 1.61 (0.93, 2.79) | 1.52 (0.86, 2.70) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Never use | Ref. | 0.01 | Ref. | 0.05 | Ref. | 0.07 | Ref. | 0.10 | ||
| Short duration (1–21 years) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.06 | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.14 | 1.43 (0.70, 2.91) | 1.28 (0.61, 2.67) | ||||
| Long duration (>21 years) | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.04 | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.07 | 1.81 (0.92, 3.57) | 1.82 (0.89, 3.69) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Paint thinner | ||||||||||
| Ever vs. never | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.15 | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.18 | 1.55 (0.73, 3.31) | 1.47 (0.68, 3.21) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Never use | Ref. | 0.13 | Ref. | 0.17 | Ref. | 0.13 | Ref. | 0.19 | ||
| Short duration (1–17 years) | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.42 | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.45 | 0.96 (0.29, 3.25) | 0.94 (0.27, 3.26) | ||||
| Long duration (>17 years) | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.19 | 0.08 (0.07) | 0.23 | 2.24 (0.89, 5.63) | 2.06 (0.79, 5.35) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Petroleum distillates | ||||||||||
| Ever vs. never | 0.09 (0.03) | 0.01 | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.03 | 1.53 (0.86, 2.73) | 1.34 (0.73, 2.45) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Never use | Ref. | 0.02 | Ref. | 0.06 | Ref. | 0.41 | Ref. | 0.79 | ||
| Short duration (1–30.5 years) | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.02 | 0.10 (0.05) | 0.04 | 2.06 (1.03, 4.11) | 1.90 (0.92, 3.92) | ||||
| Long duration (>30.5 years) | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.09 | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.16 | 1.07 (0.46, 2.47) | 0.87 (0.36, 2.08) | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Solvents in pesticides (yes vs. no) | 0.00 (0.05) | >0.99 | – | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.59 | – | 1.67 (0.78, 3.55) | – | 2.22 (0.99, 4.94) | – |
|
| ||||||||||
| Gasoline to clean (yes vs. no) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.36 | – | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.37 | – | 1.36 (0.77, 2.39) | – | 1.48 (0.83, 2.67) | – |
|
| ||||||||||
| Solvents to clean (yes vs. no) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.63 | – | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.89 | – | 1.28 (0.70, 2.34) | – | 1.19 (0.64, 2.22) | – |
SE: Standard error; Ref.: Referent; OR: Odds ratio
a
Adjusted for state, age, marital status, and HPEE
b
Adjusted for age, marital status, smoking, alcohol use, lifetime organophosphate pesticide exposure, and HPEE
Bolded if p < 0.05