An autonomous kinase domain of CalTrl1 prefers GTP as the phosphate donor. (A) Reaction mixtures (10 μl) containing 50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.5), 50 mM NaCl, 2 mM DTT, 10 mM MgCl2, 100 μM GTP, 20 nM 32P-labeled 10-mer HORNA3′p (shown at bottom, with the 32P-label indicated by •), and 0, 2, 10, 20, 50 or 100 nM CalTrl1 KIN domain were incubated at 22°C for 20 min. The reactions were quenched with an equal volume of 90% formamide, 30 mM EDTA. The labeled RNAs were resolved by urea-PAGE. An autoradiogram of the gel is shown. The positions of the 5′-OH RNA substrate and 5′-PO4 RNA product are indicated on the left. (B–D) Reaction mixtures (10 μl) containing 50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.5), 50 mM NaCl, 2 mM DTT, 10 mM MgCl2, 20 nM 10-mer HORNA3′p, 100 nM KIN, and either 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM ATP, CTP, GTP or UTP (panel B) or 1, 10 or 100 μM purine NTP analogs (panel D; analog structures shown in panel C) were incubated at 22°C for 2 min. The extents of RNA phosphorylation as a function of NTP concentration are plotted in bar graph format. Each datum is the average of three separate experiments ± SEM.