Table 4. Neighbourhood clustering and contextual effects of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation on mental health-related quality of life.
| MENTAL HEALTH | Model 1* | Model 2* | Model 3* | Model 4* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed effects B (95%CI) | |||||
| Class 1 –least deprived | —- | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Class 2 | —- | -0.47(-1.82;0.88) | -0.14 (-1.52;1.23) | -0.18 (-1.55;1.20) | |
| Class 3 –most deprived | —- | -0.01(-1.92;1.89) | 0.89 (-1.11;2.88) | 1.00 (-0.99;2.99) | |
| Random effects | |||||
| Variance | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.46 | 0.37 | |
| Variance explained (%)ˠ | Ref. | 22.2 | 155.6 | 105.6 | |
| ICC (%) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | |
| Residual (SD) | 10.4 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.8 | |
| VITALITY | |||||
| Fixed effects B (95%CI) | |||||
| Class 1 –least deprived | —- | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Class 2 | —- | -3.30 (-6.22;-0.37) | 0.15 (-2.68;2.99) | 0.12 (-2.69;2.94) | |
| Class 3 –most deprived | —- | -5.77 (-9.90;-1.65) | -0.12 (-4.22;3.97) | 0.17 (-3.90;4.23) | |
| Random effects | |||||
| Variance | 14.02 | 11.30 | 7.31 | 7.57 | |
| Variance explained (%)ˠ | Ref. | 19.4 | 47.8 | 46.0 | |
| ICC (%) | 3.0 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.9 | |
| Residual (SD) | 21.3 | 21.3 | 20.0 | 19.8 | |
| SOCIAL FUNCTIONING | |||||
| Fixed effects B (95%CI) | |||||
| Class 1 –least deprived | —- | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Class 2 | —- | -2.38 (-5.56;0.80) | -0.29 (-3.52;2.95) | -0.35 (-3.57;2.87) | |
| Class 3 –most deprived | —- | -3.31 (-7.78;1.16) | 0.47 (-4.21;5.15) | 0.72 (-3.94;5.38) | |
| Random effects | |||||
| Variance | 8.60*10−6 | 9.14*10−6 | 0.21 | 0.34 | |
| Variance explained (%)ˠ | Ref. | 6.28 | 2.4*106 | 3.9*106 | |
| ICC (%) | 1.4*10−6 | 1.5*10−6 | 0.03 | 0.06 | |
| Residual (SD) | 24.5 | 24.5 | 23.7 | 23.6 | |
| ROLE EMOTIONAL | |||||
| Fixed effects B(95%CI) | |||||
| Class 1 –least deprived | —- | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Class 2 | —- | -7.55 (-11.59;-3.50) | -3.11 (-7.18;0.97) | -3.04 (-7.11;1.03) | |
| Class 3 –most deprived | —- | -11.56 (-17.25;-5.87) | -4.25 (-10.15;1.65) | -3.94 (-9.83;1.95) | |
| Random effects | |||||
| Variance | 9.66*10−5 | 1.27*10−5 | 1.52*10−5 | 1.44*10−5 | |
| Variance explained (%)ˠ | Ref | 86.9 | 84.3 | 85.1 | |
| ICC (%) | 9.8*10−6 | 1.3*10−6 | 1.7*10−6 | 1.6*10−6 | |
| Residual (SD) | 31.4 | 31.2 | 30.0 | 29.9 | |
| GENERAL MENTAL HEALTH | |||||
| Fixed effects B (95%CI) | |||||
| Class 1 –least deprived | —- | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Class 2 | —- | -2.42 (-5.48;0.63) | 0.23 (-2.82;3.28) | 0.21 (-2.80;3.22) | |
| Class 3 –most deprived | —- | -4.26 (-8.56;0.04) | 0.89 (-3.51;5.30) | 1.25 (-3.11;5.60) | |
| Random effects | |||||
| Variance | 5.63 | 5.67 | 7.30 | 6.75 | |
| Variance explained (%)ˠ | Ref. | 0.7 | 29.7 | 19.9 | |
| ICC (%) | 1.06 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Residual (SD) | 23.0 | 22.9 | 21.6 | 21.4 | |
Legend: ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient. B = beta regression coefficients; SD: standard deviation; 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals.
* Model 1: neighbourhood random effect only; Model 2: Model 1 plus fixed effects of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation class; Model 3: Model 2 plus age, gender and education; Model 4: Model 3 plus smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentariness and chronic diseases.
ˠ Proportion of explained variance (%): corresponds to the proportion of between-neighbourhood variance that could be explained by measured neighbourhood variables, and individual-level confounders compared to Model 1, calculated as [1-(variance of the model/ variance of the reference model)]*100; Ref: Reference category. N = 1154.