FIGURE 2.

Production of CCL2/MCP-1 in WB cultures from acute and chronic LBP patients and asymptomatic participants (Control) at baseline (Time 1) and after 2 weeks (Time 2) during which LBP patients received 6 SMT treatments. WB preparations were activated at initiation with the combination of LPS/PHA, and culture supernatants were collected 24 hours later. At baseline (Time 1, →), statistical significance of differences exists between control and acute, and control and chronic LBP patients (P=0.004 and <0.0001, respectively; Scheffe’s test). The means of CCL2 production (—) are shown for each study group. CCL indicates CC chemokine ligand; LBP, low back pain; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; PHA, phytohemagglutinin; SMT, spinal manipulative therapy; WB, whole blood.