Table 2.

Outcome measurements.

	Normal – FPG < 100 mg/dL, A1c < 5.7% (n = 1585)	Pre-DM overall (n = 755)	IFG only − 100 < FPG < 125 mg/dL, A1c < 5.7% (n = 329)	HbA1c only – FPG < 100 mg/dL, 5.7% < A1c < 6.5% (n = 222)	Both − 100 < FPG < 125 mg/dL, 5.7% < A1c < 6.5% (n = 204)	Pre-DM versus normal	IFG versus HbA1c versus both
CAC (AU > 10) (%)	21.8	33.1	33.1	31.5	34.8	<0.0001	0.77
Mean common carotid thickness (mm)	1.27 (1.16, 1.38)	1.32 (1.18, 1.42)	1.32 (1.18, 1.44)	1.32 (1.17, 1.40)	1.32 (1.18, 1.40)	0.001	0.76
CKD-EPI eGFR < 60, n (%)	57 (4)	58 (8)	20 (6)	15 (7)	23 (11)	<0.0001	0.075
CKD-EPI eGFR, median (IQR)	97.21 (82.17, 111.49)	90.67 (76.19, 104.50)	89.95 (76.31, 101.58)	93.34 (78.75, 111.6)	89.58 (73.97, 102.47)	<0.0001	0.004
UACR > 30, n (%)	50 (3)	41 (5)	14 (4)	13 (6)	14 (7)	0.008	0.411
CKD ≥ 2, n (%)	134 (9)	94 (13)	34 (10)	26 (12)	34 (17)	<0.0001	0.091

Continuous variables are presented as medians with interquartile ranges. Categorical variables are presented as percent prevalence. Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables and Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables.

FPG: fasting plasma glucose; Pre-DM: prediabetes; IFG: impaired fasting glucose; HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c; CAC: coronary artery calcium; AU: Agatston units; CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR: urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; CKD: chronic kidney disease.