Table 3.

Overall unadjusted and fully adjusted outcome measurements.

	CAC > 10	UACR > 30	eGFR ≤ 60 (mL/min)	CKD ≥ 2	Mean carotid wall thickness
	OR (95% CI)				Beta (SE)
Unadjusted
Pre-DM	1.8 (1.5–2.2)	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	1.8 (1.3–2.6)	1.9 (1.5–2.6)	0.038 (0.011)
IFG	1.8 (1.4–2.3)	1.5 (0.8–2.7)	1.6 (1.0–2.6)	1.8 (1.2–2.7)	0.038 (0.015)
A1c	1.6 (1.2–2.2)	1.4 (0.8–2.5)	1.4 (0.8–2.5)	1.6 (1.1–2.5)	0.03 (0.019)
Both	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.3 (0.7–2.5)	2.7 (1.6–4.3)	2.4 (1.6–3.6)	0.049 (0.02)
Adjusted
Pre-DM	1 (0.8–1.3)	1.8 (1.2–2.7)	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	0.002 (0.012)
IFG	0.95 (0.7–1.3)	1.6 (0.9–2.8)	1.1 (0.6–1.8)	1.5 (1.0–2.3)	0.013 (0.015)
A1c	1.03 (0.7–1.5)	1.8 (1.0–3.2)	0.9 (0.5–1.8)	1.3 (0.8–2.1)	−0.01 (0.019)
Both	1.04 (0.7–1.5)	2.1 (1.2–3.7)	1.7 (1.0–3.0)	1.6 (1.0–2.6)	−0.007 (0.021)

Adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for prevalent CAC (Agatston score > 10), eGFR < 60, UACR > 30, CKD ≥ 2 and beta-estimates with SE for mean common carotid thickness across prediabetes diagnostic modalities compared against the normal glucose group, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, smoking status, hypertension, LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol.

CAC: coronary artery calcium; UACR: urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD: chronic kidney disease; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SE: standard error; Pre-DM: prediabetes; IFG: impaired fasting glucose.