Table 4.
Unadjusted (OR) and adjusted (AOR) odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of cumulative childhood trauma score and drug use outcomes in emerging adulthood and adulthood
| Prescription pain reliever misuse | Injection drug use Emerging adulthood n=9,539 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Emerging adulthood n=9,528 | Adulthood n=7,744 | ||||||||
|
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| Cumulative trauma score Ref=none | # (wt %)* with outcome | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI)** | # (wt %)* with outcome | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI)** | # (wt %)* with outcome | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI)** |
|
| |||||||||
| One | 522 (21.09) | 1.30 (1.12–1.53)† | 1.34 (1.14–1.58)† | 214 (11.02) | 1.37 (1.06–1.79)† | 1.46 (1.12–1.91)† | 21 (1.19) | 1.90 (0.93–3.88)† | 1.94 (0.96–3.94)† |
| None | 740 (17.01) | -- | -- | 278 (8.27) | -- | -- | 18 (0.63) | -- | -- |
|
| |||||||||
| Two | 276 (23.22) | 1.48 (1.19–1.83) | 1.58 (1.25–1.99) | 122 (12.04) | 1.52 (1.11–2.07) | 1.71 (1.23–2.36) | 24 (2.60) | 4.22 (2.02–8.79) | 4.32 (1.98–9.45) |
| None | 740 (17.01) | -- | -- | 278 (8.27) | -- | -- | 18 (0.63) | -- | -- |
|
| |||||||||
| Three | 159 (26.40) | 1.75 (1.36–2.25) | 1.70 (1.29–2.25) | 56 (15.43) | 2.02 (1.35–3.03)† | 2.16 (1.43–3.26)† | 13 (1.58) | 2.53 (0.97–6.55) | 2.64 (0.97–7.19) |
| None | 740 (17.01) | -- | -- | 278 (8.27) | -- | -- | 18 (0.63) | -- | -- |
|
| |||||||||
| Four | 82 (30.32) | 2.12 (1.51–2.98) | 2.17 (1.49–3.15) | 35 (17.69) | 2.38 (1.47–3.86) | 2.70 (1.62–4.52) | 10 (4.18) | 6.88 (2.74–17.27) | 7.15 (2.65–19.29) |
| None | 740 (17.01) | -- | -- | 278 (8.27) | -- | -- | 18 (0.63) | -- | -- |
|
| |||||||||
| Five-nine | 45 (26.54) | 1.76 (1.01–3.08) | 1.79 (1.05–3.07) | 14 (17.61) | 2.37 (1.29–4.35) | 3.09 (1.52–6.30) | 5 (2.88) | 4.68 (1.26–17.37) | 4.67 (1.22–17.87) |
| None | 740 (17.01) | -- | -- | 278 (8.27) | -- | -- | 18 (0.63) | -- | -- |
*
#: number; wt %: weighted percent; ref: referent group
**
Adjusted for sociodemographic covariates including adolescent age, race/ethnicity, and poverty status at Wave I, Wave III poverty, and Wave IV education
†
p-value <0.10 for gender and trauma interaction term (estimates for models not shown)